zCMD terms
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| Reformulation | An adult response to a child's utterance in which the adult adds to the child's utterance to provide a more complex example of what the child has said
- children with TDL notice patterns and use these to produce ever more complex language
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| TDL | Typically developing language
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| Lexicon | An individual's personal dictionary of words and meanings
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| Representation | Having one thing stand for another
-A piece of paper used as a blanket for a doll
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| Symbolization | Use of an arbitrary symbol, such as a word or sign, to stand for something
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| Intentionality | Goal directedness in interactions, which is first demonstrated at about 8 months of age, primarily through gestures
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| What can rapid change of topics do in communication? | Leads to nonsensical quality of conversation
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| Fast mapping | A child infers the meaning of a word from context and uses it in a similar context at a later time; a fuller definition evolves over time; enables preschool children to expand their vocab quick, able to use word without understanding it's meaning
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| Impairment | biological/physiological condition that involves the loss of physical, social, or cognitive functioning
-can lead to disability
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| Disability | Result of an impairment, a restriction in ability to perform a function
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| Handicap | Social disadvantage that accrues to an individual with an impairment or disability, often in the form of barriers that can prevent an individual from reaching a goal or full potential
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| Disorder | A disruption in function, due to an impairment
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| Telepractice | Provision of communication and swallowing assessment and intervention via the internet
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| Psychogenic | Caused by psychological factors
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| Sociolinguistics | The study of influences such as cultural identity, setting, and participants on communicative variables
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| Competence | Understanding, appreciating, and responding appropriately. In terms of culture, you are being competent of diversity
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| Generative (language) | You can create new utterances, infinite numbers of sentences can be created through application of grammatical rules
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| Dynamic | Can change over time
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| Phonation | Movement of the vocal folds
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| Diagnostic therapy | Ongoing assessment and evaluation as intervention takes place
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| Etiology | The cause or origin of a problem; the study of a cause
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| Predisposing factors | Underlying factors that contribute to a problem (a genetic basis)
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| Precipitating causes | Factors that trigger a disorder (a stroke)
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| Perpetuating causes | Something that keeps an illness occurring over a period of time
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| Prognosis | An informed prediction of the outcome of a disorder
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| Dynamic assessment | A non-standardized assessment approach that can take the form of test-teach-test to determine a child's ability to learn
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| Norm-referenced | A comparison that is usually based on others of the same gender and similar age
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| Criterion-referenced | An evaluation of an individual's strengths and weaknesses with regard to specific skills
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| Language sampling | Sometimes called corpus; collection of a person's speech or writing
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| Baseline data | Information about client performance before intervention
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| Incidental teaching | Use of a natural activity to train targets
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| Intubation | Having a tube placed to maintain an airway or to foster respiration by mechanical means
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| Resting tidal breathing / quiet breathing | Breathing to sustain life
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| Adduction | Vocal folds coming together (ADD)
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| Abduction | Vocal folds closing (ABD)
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| Atrophy | Wasting-away or loss of cells
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| Velopharyngeal closure | Contact of the velum with the lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls, thus separating the oral and nasal cavities
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| Phonation | Production of sound by vocal fold vibration
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| Fundamental frequency | Lowest frequency component of a complex vibration
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| Harmonics | FREQUENCY of sound
-integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
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| WM | Working memory- active cognitive process, allows limited info. to be held in temporarily accessible state while cognitive processing occurs
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| Premorbid | State one is in prior to onset of disease
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| Deconditioning | Muscle weakness/atrophy due to extended period of rest
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| Specific language impairment | old term for DLD (developmental language disorder)
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| Developmental language disorder | No neurological or physical disorders co-exist
-seemingly unexplained deficit in language abilities
-typically in the low normal range for nonverbal/nonlanguage intelligence
-brain hemisphere symmetry (atypical-language processing region should be big)
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| 5 risk factors that are predictive for majority of DLD kids | -late language emergence
-maternal education level
-five-minute Apgar score
-birth order
-biological sex
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| DLD children are at higher risk for | -reading disorders
-low academic achievement
-peer relationship difficulties
-bullying
-being diagnosed w ADHD
-social anxiety
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| social cognition | ability to process, store, and apply info. about other people and social situations
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| reticent | inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : reserved.
-characterized by staring at other children but not reacting, doing nothing even when there are many opportunities, and demonstrating fear of approaching other children.
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| WM with DLD children | significant limitations in working memory mechanisms and in processing speed.
-negative impact on language learning and functioning
-inhibits ability to detect regularities/patterns such as verb endings and sentence structure-reduced auditory WM
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| RRIB | restricted and repetitive behaviors
-typically seen with ASD
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| ToM (theory of mind) | concept for children that others have a mind and emotions that differ from their own, and that this must be considered in communication
-difficult for those with SCD (social communication disorder)
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