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CMD terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reformulation | An adult response to a child's utterance in which the adult adds to the child's utterance to provide a more complex example of what the child has said - children with TDL notice patterns and use these to produce ever more complex language |
| TDL | Typically developing language |
| Lexicon | An individual's personal dictionary of words and meanings |
| Representation | Having one thing stand for another -A piece of paper used as a blanket for a doll |
| Symbolization | Use of an arbitrary symbol, such as a word or sign, to stand for something |
| Intentionality | Goal directedness in interactions, which is first demonstrated at about 8 months of age, primarily through gestures |
| What can rapid change of topics do in communication? | Leads to nonsensical quality of conversation |
| Fast mapping | A child infers the meaning of a word from context and uses it in a similar context at a later time; a fuller definition evolves over time; enables preschool children to expand their vocab quick, able to use word without understanding it's meaning |
| Impairment | biological/physiological condition that involves the loss of physical, social, or cognitive functioning -can lead to disability |
| Disability | Result of an impairment, a restriction in ability to perform a function |
| Handicap | Social disadvantage that accrues to an individual with an impairment or disability, often in the form of barriers that can prevent an individual from reaching a goal or full potential |
| Disorder | A disruption in function, due to an impairment |
| Telepractice | Provision of communication and swallowing assessment and intervention via the internet |
| Psychogenic | Caused by psychological factors |
| Sociolinguistics | The study of influences such as cultural identity, setting, and participants on communicative variables |
| Competence | Understanding, appreciating, and responding appropriately. In terms of culture, you are being competent of diversity |
| Generative (language) | You can create new utterances, infinite numbers of sentences can be created through application of grammatical rules |
| Dynamic | Can change over time |
| Phonation | Movement of the vocal folds |
| Diagnostic therapy | Ongoing assessment and evaluation as intervention takes place |
| Etiology | The cause or origin of a problem; the study of a cause |
| Predisposing factors | Underlying factors that contribute to a problem (a genetic basis) |
| Precipitating causes | Factors that trigger a disorder (a stroke) |
| Perpetuating causes | Something that keeps an illness occurring over a period of time |
| Prognosis | An informed prediction of the outcome of a disorder |
| Dynamic assessment | A non-standardized assessment approach that can take the form of test-teach-test to determine a child's ability to learn |
| Norm-referenced | A comparison that is usually based on others of the same gender and similar age |
| Criterion-referenced | An evaluation of an individual's strengths and weaknesses with regard to specific skills |
| Language sampling | Sometimes called corpus; collection of a person's speech or writing |
| Baseline data | Information about client performance before intervention |
| Incidental teaching | Use of a natural activity to train targets |
| Intubation | Having a tube placed to maintain an airway or to foster respiration by mechanical means |
| Resting tidal breathing / quiet breathing | Breathing to sustain life |
| Adduction | Vocal folds coming together (ADD) |
| Abduction | Vocal folds closing (ABD) |
| Atrophy | Wasting-away or loss of cells |
| Velopharyngeal closure | Contact of the velum with the lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls, thus separating the oral and nasal cavities |
| Phonation | Production of sound by vocal fold vibration |
| Fundamental frequency | Lowest frequency component of a complex vibration |
| Harmonics | FREQUENCY of sound -integer multiples of the fundamental frequency |
| WM | Working memory- active cognitive process, allows limited info. to be held in temporarily accessible state while cognitive processing occurs |
| Premorbid | State one is in prior to onset of disease |
| Deconditioning | Muscle weakness/atrophy due to extended period of rest |
| Specific language impairment | old term for DLD (developmental language disorder) |
| Developmental language disorder | No neurological or physical disorders co-exist -seemingly unexplained deficit in language abilities -typically in the low normal range for nonverbal/nonlanguage intelligence -brain hemisphere symmetry (atypical-language processing region should be big) |
| 5 risk factors that are predictive for majority of DLD kids | -late language emergence -maternal education level -five-minute Apgar score -birth order -biological sex |
| DLD children are at higher risk for | -reading disorders -low academic achievement -peer relationship difficulties -bullying -being diagnosed w ADHD -social anxiety |
| social cognition | ability to process, store, and apply info. about other people and social situations |
| reticent | inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : reserved. -characterized by staring at other children but not reacting, doing nothing even when there are many opportunities, and demonstrating fear of approaching other children. |
| WM with DLD children | significant limitations in working memory mechanisms and in processing speed. -negative impact on language learning and functioning -inhibits ability to detect regularities/patterns such as verb endings and sentence structure-reduced auditory WM |
| RRIB | restricted and repetitive behaviors -typically seen with ASD |
| ToM (theory of mind) | concept for children that others have a mind and emotions that differ from their own, and that this must be considered in communication -difficult for those with SCD (social communication disorder) |
Created by:
liz gelles
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