M (ASCP) EXAM
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| Is widely distributed in the external environment. It may be found in 20 to 40% of the anterior nares of human adults. It also colonizes the skin, particularly in intertriginous areas such as the groin and axilla, and may be found in the vaginal canal | show 🗑
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| show | The Gram stain
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| Is a basic fluorochrome dye that binds nonspecifically to nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans. AO is useful in demonstrating bacteria in specimens where concentrations may be low. | show 🗑
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| show | Staphylococcus aureus
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| Penicillin and cephalosporin (1st generation) | show 🗑
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| Is the most frequently isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci from human sources. | show 🗑
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| Does not ferment mannitol, produces alkaline phosphatase, produces positive reactions for acetoin (Voges Proskauer), reduces nitrates to nitrites, and hydrolyzes urea. Acid is produced from maltose, fructose, sucrose, and mannose. | show 🗑
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| Penicillin | show 🗑
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| Has a particular predilection for causing urinary tract infections in young, healthy, sexually active females. | show 🗑
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| Has its natural habitat as part of the normal nasal and skin flora of various domestic animals, including dogs, cats, and horses. It is the most common coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species recovered from the skin of dogs. | show 🗑
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| Resistance to novobiocin is a key feature used in the presumptive identification of | show 🗑
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| show | Streptococcus pyogenes
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| show | Poststreptococcal
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| show | Group A streptococci
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| show | Streptococcus agalactiae
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| Infections include meningitis, pneumonia, polynephritis, sepsis including endocarditis/in women, puerperal infection assctd w/ abortion and premature labor. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis | show 🗑
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| show | S. pyo
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| show | S. agalactiae
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| show | Group D streptococci
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| show | Strep pnuemo
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| show | Strep pnuemo
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| Lobar type pneumonia and bacterial meningitis in adults, infants, and toddlers. Diabetes and alcoholism are common conditions predisposing to serious pneumococcal infections. | show 🗑
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| show | C. jejuni
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| 1."campy" agar to inhibit the overgrowth of the normal intestinal flora. 2.42°C, the optimum temperature for growth of this organism. 3.incubation atmosphere, consisting of 5% oxygen, 10% CO2, and 85% nitrogen. | show 🗑
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| Is infrequently recovered from human sources but is an important cause of infective abortion in cattle and sheep. It can be recovered from the placentas and stomach contents of the fetuses of aborted sheep and cattle. | show 🗑
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| Human infections that have been reported virtually always affect an individual who is debilitated, has compromised immune function, has a neoplastic disease, or has a chronic underlying disorder such as renal or hepatic failure. | show 🗑
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| Does not hydrolyze indoxyl acetate or sodium hippurate. It is susceptible to cephalothin but resistant to nalidixic acid, profiles opposite to that of C. jejuni. Will not grow on campy selective media containing cephalothin. Does not grow at 42°C | show 🗑
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| show | Drug of choice for C. fetus and C. jejuni
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| Is one of several spiral-shaped bacteria that have been observed in gastric secretions. Can be recovered from the GI tract of humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals, including several species of birds. | show 🗑
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| show | Helicobacter pylori
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| show | Helicobacter pylori
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| Incubation environments with reduced O (5-10%), increased CO2 (5-10%), and increased H (5-10%) at 37°C are the optimum conditions. Although selective "campy" agar may be used, a formulation devoid of cephalothin is necessary. | show 🗑
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| Can be suspected when GNDC or D-CB are observed in Gram stains. MacConkey growth (pinkish tinge). Lack of motility, absence of cytochrome oxidase activity, inability to reduce nitrates to nitrites, and resistance to penicillin. | show 🗑
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| Nosocomial infections most commonly involve the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, the genital tract, peritonitis in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis, and postsurgical wounds. | show 🗑
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| show | Acinetobacter baumannii
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| GN nonfermenters that grow on Mac, oxidase +, and motile via peritrichous flagella. Synonymous with A. odorans/ apple odor/ green discoloration. asaccharolytic | show 🗑
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| show | Alcaligenes faecalis
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| show | Alcaligenes faecalis
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| Pipericillin and tircarcillin clavulanate | show 🗑
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| show | Bordetella pertussis
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| Apple-green fluorescing using the direct Ab fluorescent test. Potato-based Bordet Gengou (BG) agar; or, charcoal horse blood agar of Regan Lowe. | show 🗑
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| Each neutralize the effects of the fatty acids, metalic ions, and peroxidases also contained in the media. Growth require 2 - 4 days/ 35o C. 1-2 mm in diameter, entire, dome-shaped, gray and shiny, resembling drops of mercury. GNCB/ pleomorphic in older c | show 🗑
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| Produces cytochrome oxidase and catalase (weakly), is non-motile (possesses no flagella) | show 🗑
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| cephalosporin 3rd generation, ciprofloxacin, erythromicin | show 🗑
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| is the most common cause of human infections and is the most virulent. It is found in the Mediterranean region, Latin America, and Asia. | show 🗑
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| Is worldwide in distribution, and its virulence is mild to moderate. | show 🗑
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| show | B. suis (swine)
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| show | Brucella
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| show | Drug of choice Brucella melitensis
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| show | Flavobacterium odoratum
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| Isolates have been reported from wounds, sputum, blood, and commonly from urine. necrotizing fasciitis and septicemia | show 🗑
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| Is the species causing human infections, including 2 biovars, ss tularensis (North America), and ss palaearctica (Europe). Reservoirs of this bacterium include rabbits, rodents, squirrels, beavers, deer, and domestic animals | show 🗑
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| show | Francisella tularensis
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| Growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) and no growth on blood agar is a presumptive clue that an isolate may be | show 🗑
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| Hydrolysis of NA hippurate is useful in separating __________ (+) from other Legionella species (-). Phenotypic characterization less than satisfactory. ID: serologically using immunofluorescent ab testing. | show 🗑
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| Is the species most commonly associated with classic legionellosis.The most common manifestation is pneumonia. A milder form of the disease, Pontiac fever, presents as an influenza-like syndrome w/out sequelae and with few complications. | show 🗑
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| show | Moraxella catarrhalis
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| show | MTM
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| Gram-negative diplococci with flattened opposing margins. In direct smears, the cells are seen intracellularly in segmented neutrophils. The identification can be confirmed if acid is produced from glucose, but not from maltose, sucrose, or lactose. | show 🗑
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| show | Neisseria meningitidis
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| Glucose(+) Maltose (+) Lactose (+) | show 🗑
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| show | Oligella urethralis
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| The reduction of nitrite (but not nitrate) and + phenylalanine deaminase activity are two characteristics that, when taken together, separate __________ from Moraxella species. | show 🗑
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| show | O. ureolytica
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| show | O. ureolytica
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| show | O. ureolytica
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| Is a plant pathogen primarily causing onion bulb rot. It can be recovered from a wide variety of water sources, and in the hospital environment may be found on wet surfaces or where water accumulates, such as in nebulizer and bronchoscopy tubing, in irrig | show 🗑
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| Survives in various disinfectants, including povidone-iodine n quaternary ammonium complbs, n in fluids containin cycloheximide. Nosocomial infections pneumonia, septicemia, endocarditis, n septic arthritis, cystic fibrosis. | show 🗑
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| show | B. cepacia
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| Can be recovered from H2O n soil sources n often is found in various moist hospital environments, tracheostomies, in-dwelling catheters, burns, and weeping cutaneous wounds. The exudation of blue pus with a grape-like odor is characteristic. | show 🗑
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| Straight or slightly curved, slender, GNR. They are motile via polar flagella, r strict aerobes, n utilize carbs oxidatvly n never fermentatively. The temp range of growth for various strains extends from 4-43 deg Celsius. The cytochrome oxidase rxn is +. | show 🗑
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| Produce H@S, a characteristic helpful in diffn it from C. koseri, which is H2S (-). differentiated from certain closely related Salmonella species by failure to decarboxylate lysine decarboxylase, hydrolyzing ONPG, and the ability to grow in KCN. | show 🗑
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| decarboxylates ornithine and produces acid from adonitol and malonate, both of which are negative reactions for C. freundii. In contrast, C. freundii produces acid from melibiose and sucrose, both of which are negative for most strains of C. koseri. | show 🗑
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| Growth observed on HE after 36 hrs incubation at 35°C. The colonies r entire, convex, smooth to shiny, and distinctly green, showing no evidence of the yellow pigmentn indicatin lactose fermentation. Some have black central pigmentn indicatn H2S prodctn. | show 🗑
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| show | Escherichia coli
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| "dirty" gray on bap/produce a + spot indole test and dry pink-red colonies on Mac. The id confirmed by demonstrtin an acid slant/acid butt rxn on Kligler iron agar (fermenter), a + methyl red rxn, - Voges Proskauer, and - citrate utilizatn test results. | show 🗑
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| show | Enterotoxigenic strains
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| produce an illness characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea, primarily in children. | show 🗑
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| penetration of the intestinal mucosa by the bacterial cells results in an inflammatory diarrhea similar to that produced by Shigella species. Blood, mucous, and segmented neutrophils are observed in fecal smears. | show 🗑
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| show | Enterohemorrhagic strains:
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| Hemorrhagic colitis results, manifest as abdominal cramps n watery diarrhea, followed by hemorrhagic discharge simulating a lower intestinal bleed. | show 🗑
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| is the cause of a necrotizing lobar type pneumonia in which there is considerable hemorrhagic necrosis, leading to expectoratn of a "brick red" sputum that, when mixed with mucin, has a "currant jelly" appearance. | show 🗑
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| Infectns r most severe in persons with underlying diseases such as alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, n chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pleuritis, Urinary tract infections, meningitis(in infants), n septicemia | show 🗑
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| Can be suspected in culture when large, mucoid colonies are recovered on 1. isolatn media. On Mac colonies are large, distinctly mucoid, n have a red pigmentatn that diffuses into the surroundin med. This pigment productn is abundant acid from lactose. | show 🗑
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| show | Klebsiella
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| An indole-positive variant of K. pneumoniae, is found primarily in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals but also may be recovered from vegetative matter and aquatic environments | show 🗑
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| show | Morganella morganii
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| show | Morganella morganii
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| show | Proteus mirabilis
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| - spot indole test, using a small inoculum from a well-isolated colony. strong urease activity, the production of hydrogen sulfide, a positive reaction for ornithine decarboxylase, and the failure to hydrolyze esculin or ferment salicin | show 🗑
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| show | P. vulgaris
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| show | Providencia
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| show | Salmonella
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| show | S. cholerasius
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| show | S. typhi
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| ONPG + (others neg) | show 🗑
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| show | Serratia marcescens
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| (D) Most common/ has its natural habitat in the fecal content of humans. Infections occur following ingestion of contaminated food or water/ Lactose -, nonmotile, anaerogenic | show 🗑
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| Group A most severe | show 🗑
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| Group B | show 🗑
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| show | S. boydii
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| show | Yersinia pestis
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| show | Y. pseudotuberculosis
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| Growth room temp and cold enrichment | show 🗑
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| Motile by polar flagella, most are indole +, growth on mac, cellulitis, wound infections and diarrhea | show 🗑
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| 6.5-7.5 pH | show 🗑
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| 5.0-6.0 pH | show 🗑
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| Enzyme synthesis and cell elongation | show 🗑
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| Active reproduction | show 🗑
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| show | Stationary phase
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| show | Death phase
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| show | Corynebacterium
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| Tumbling motility at 25C, but not 37C; cold enrichment, neonatal menigitis and sepsis, sepsis in immunocomp hosts | show 🗑
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| show | Erysipelothrix
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| show | Bacillus anthracis
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| Ground glass hemolytic colonies; food poisioning, enterotoxin, beta hemolytic | show 🗑
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| Long filamentous GNR w/ pleomorphic/ puffball or string of pearl colonies in thio broth/ rate bite fever haverhill fever/ acitic sample needed/ sps inhibits | show 🗑
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| Peridontal and jaw abscesses; high number in plague, center of colony has 4-6 pointed star | show 🗑
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| show | eikenella
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| show | capnocytophaga
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| similar to actinobacillus, endocarditis | show 🗑
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| cause endocarditis, can gicve false + gram rxn | show 🗑
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| clue cells; 10% koh added to discharge= fishy odor | show 🗑
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| show | haemophilus
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| schoolof fish, genital ulcers | show 🗑
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| growth on BCYE, legionaires disease | show 🗑
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| inverted fried egg, dienes stain not gram stain | show 🗑
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| causes primary atypical pneumonia, cold agglutinin titer | show 🗑
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| show | bacteroides fragilis
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| gn ana pits agar, urease + | show 🗑
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| gn ana, thin, fusiform rod, speckled col | show 🗑
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| show | fusobacterium necrophorum
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| gn ana, highly pleomorphic | show 🗑
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| show | c. dificile
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| show | c. perfringens
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| gp ana,terminal spores, racquet shaped, tetanus | show 🗑
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| show | actinomyces israelii
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| gp ana, sensitive to sps | show 🗑
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| show | r. akari
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| q fever, inhaled | show 🗑
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| typhus fever, louse | show 🗑
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| show | r. rickettsiae
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| show | r. typhi
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| show | mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| environmental org, cause pulmonary disease, disseminated disease, infect immunocomp patients, nonpigmented on LJ, id by nucleic acid probes | show 🗑
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| show | m. leprae
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| Prescence of viral ab of ag | show 🗑
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| show | DNA probes
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| show | PCR
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| show | flavivirus
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| pulmonary syndrome, hemorrhagic fever, rodent-borne | show 🗑
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| show | Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
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| show | Hepatitis c Virus (HAC)
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| measles, more serious in adults than in children | show 🗑
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| poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, occurs naturally only in humans | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)
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| rabies, negri bodies in brain tissue of infected animals, rod or bullet shaped, wildlife- reservoir | show 🗑
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| common cold | show 🗑
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| acute infectious infantile diarrhea, can cause death in infants | show 🗑
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| rubella, vaccine available, contraindicated in pregnancy, spread by respiratory secretiions, seriuos congenital abnormalties | show 🗑
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| show | adenovirus
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| infection mononucleosis, chronic failure syndrome, assc w. burkett's lymphoma,heterophile ab | show 🗑
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| ribbon-like aseptate hyphae; sexual and asexual | show 🗑
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| show | ascomycota
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| show | basidiomycota
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| show | deuteromycota
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| simialar to SAB, inhibits some candida and crytococcus, aspergilluis fumigatus and pseudallescheria | show 🗑
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| show | bird seed agar
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| candida albicans (chlamydoconidia) | show 🗑
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| tinea (mostly in children), hair and skin, hair fluoresces, microconidia (small club-shaped), macroconidia (many, rough, spindle-shaped (except m.audouinii) | show 🗑
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| rare distorted macroconidia, terminal chlamydoconidia | show 🗑
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| show | microsporum canis
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| thin walled macroconidia | show 🗑
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| mostly in adults; hair skin and nails; no fluorescing hairs | show 🗑
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| show | trichophyton mentagrophytes
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| show | trichophyton rubrum
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| black dot ringworm, balloon forms, yellow red reverse | show 🗑
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| feet, hands, and groin; macroconidia (large, smooth, club-shaped, found in singles or clusters at end of hyphae, 2-4 septa), olive green or khaki color | show 🗑
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| bat and bird droppings; oh and ms river valley; infects RES (Bone marrow), yeast(very small), mycelial (tuberculate n macroconidia) | show 🗑
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| along oh, ms valley n appalachia, may cause skin lesions, yeast (broad based bud, double-contoured wall), mycelial (lollipop forms) | show 🗑
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| show | coccidioides immitis
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| show | paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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| found in dirt and on plants (rose gardener's mycosis), yeast (cigar bodies), mold (delicate hyphae with ovoid conidia along side or in rosettte heads) | show 🗑
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| show | candida albicans
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| show | candida tropicalis
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| hockey stick bud on one corner of arthroconidia | show 🗑
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| show | trichosporon
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| show | candida (torulopsis) glabrata
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| show | cryptococcus neoformans
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| small extracellular yeast | show 🗑
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| small intracellular yeast | show 🗑
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| show | candida sp.
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| show | blastomyces dermatiditis
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| large yeast with multiple buds | show 🗑
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| endospherules and endospores | show 🗑
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| green or blue-green colonies; branching or penicillus head, sterigmata blunt | show 🗑
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| delicate hyphae, elippticak conidia with appearance of brain surface | show 🗑
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| show | fusarium
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| conidiophore ends in swelling which carries sterigmata and chains of conidia, farmer's lung | show 🗑
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| green conidia | show 🗑
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| show | aspergillus flavus
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| show | aspergillus niger
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| Dog hookworm | show 🗑
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| show | ancylostoma duodenale
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| show | ascaris lumbricoides
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| show | clonorchis sinensis
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| show | diphyllobothrium latum
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| show | echinococcus granulosus
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| pinworm | show 🗑
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| large intestinal fluke | show 🗑
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| show | fasciola hepatica
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| show | hymenolepis diminuta
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| show | hymenolepsis nana
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| show | loa loa
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| new world hookworm | show 🗑
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| show | onchocerca volvulus
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| oriental lung fluke | show 🗑
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| show | schistosoma haematobium
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| show | schistosoma japonicum
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| show | schistosoma mansoni
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| show | stronglyloides stercoralis
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| beef tapeworm | show 🗑
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| pork tapeworm | show 🗑
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| show | toxocara canis/cati
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| show | trichuris trichiura
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