Everything you need to know for the H-Gap unit 2 test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Physical Factors | The natural elements that make up a place
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| Human factors | Various economic, cultural, historical, and political aspects of a place
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| Population Distribution | Spread of people in an area
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| Population Density | The amount of people in an area
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| Arithmetic Density | Commonly used metric to show how density populated a place is
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| Physiological Density | Measures the pressure that a population exerts on the environment to feed the population
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| Agricultural Density | Shows the level of efficiency of agricultural production in an area and the degree of reliance on human labor
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| Urban Sprawl | The unrestricted growth and expansion of an urban or suburban area into the surrounding countryside
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| Carrying Capacity | The amount of people that can be supported by the environment without damaging the environment
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| Sex Ratio | The ration of males to female
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| Dependency Ratio | How many people a society needs to support/cant work
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| Child Dependency Ratio | Number of people aged 0-14
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| Elderly Dependency Ratio | Number of people aged 65+
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| Crude Birth Rate | Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society
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| Crude Death Rate | The number of deaths in a yea for every 1000 people alive in a society
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| Rate of Natural Increase (NIR) | The percentage a population grows in a year
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| Doubling Time | The amount of time it takes for a population to double in size
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| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have
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| Infant Mortality Rate | The total number of deaths under one year of age in a year for every 1000 live births
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| Primary Sector | Jobs and activities that involve extracting natural resources
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| Secondary Sector | Take the raw resources to produce/ manufacture products
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| Tertiary Sector | Jobs and activities that provide a service for other individuals
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| Stage 1 DTM | High birth rate and death rate, low population increase
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| Stage 2 DTM | High birth and low death, high population increase (People start to move to urban areas)
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| Stage 3 DTM | Decline in birth rate and still declining death rate, more modern population growth
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| Stage 4 DTM | Low birth rate and low death rate, with little to know population growth
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| Stage 5 DTM | Low birth rate low death rate, births fall bellow the deaths (Decline in pop.)
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| Subsistence Agriculture | Agriculture production that occurs with the intent to provide for the farmer's family or local community (Output is for consumption not sale)
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| Emigration | When an individual leaves a country or political territory
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| ZPG (Zero Population Growth) | when a country's CBR and CDR are essentially the same, causing the NIR to be 0
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| Malthusian Theory | Population would grow exponentially while food supply grows arithmetically (Not enough food to go around)
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| Anti-Natalist Policies | Policies that are created to help decrease a society's birth rate
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| Pro-Natalist Policies | Policies that are created to help increase a society's birth rate
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| Anti-Natalist Policies | Policies that are created to help decrease a society's birth rate
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| Maternal Mortality | Number of maternal deaths per 100k live births
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| Maternal Mortality | Number of maternal deaths per 100k live births
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| Pull Factors | Positive situations that make people want to move to a place
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| E.G. Ravenstein | Migration happens for economic reasons and is taken by young adults
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| Pull Factors | Positive situations that make people want to move to a place
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| Immigration | When an individual enters a country or political territory
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| Push Factors | Negative situations that make people want to leave a location
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| Intervening Obstacles | Negative situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination
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| Immigration | When an individual enters a country or political territory
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| Intervening Opportunities | Positive situations or events thathinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination
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| Intervening Obstacles | Negative situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination
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| Intervening Opportunities | Positive situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination
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| Forced Migration | Something that if forcing you to leave
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| Refugee | An individual who has been forced to leave their home country and has crosses an international border in order to escape
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| Internally Displaced Person (IDP) | AN individual who has been forced to flee from their home, but has not crossed an internationally recognized state border
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| Transnational Migration | Emigrates from their home country but remains connected to their original country
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| Chain Migration | A process where legal immigrants sponsors a family member to immigrate to the country
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| Step Migration | Migration that happens in stages
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| Guest Workers | Temporarily migrated to a new country for work or education
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| Remittance | Money an immigrant sends back to their family in their home country
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| Transhumance Migration | Migration that is cyclical and revolves around the seasonal movement of livestock
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| Rural to Urban Migration | People more from rural areas to urban areas
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| Intraregional Migration | Migration that involves a permanent move withing the same region
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| Interregional Migration | Migration that involves a permanent move from one region of a country to another region of the same country
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| Brain Drain | When the skilled labor leaves the geographic area in favor of another area that offers more opportunities
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