Chapter 1 vocab
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| Latitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.
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| Longitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian.
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| Environmental Determinism | A 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general sought by human geographers could be found in the physical science. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
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| Space-time Compression | the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system.
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| Uneven Development | the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.
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| Regional Studies | an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
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| Stimulus Diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
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| Principal meridian | a north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the US.
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| Relocation Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
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| Transnational Corporation | a company that conducts research, operate factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its head quarters or shareholders are located.
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| Distance Decay | the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
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| Hierarchical Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.
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| Vernacular Region | an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.
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| Location | the position of anything on earths surface
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| Land Ordinance of 1785 | a law that divided much of the US into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
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| Township | a square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the US into a series of townships.
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| Prime Meridian | the meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
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| Remote Sensing | the acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.
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| Meridian | an arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles.
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| Scale | generally, the relationship between the portion of earth being studied, the earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on earth's surface.
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| Parallel | a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.
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| Connections | Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
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| International Date Line | an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east, the clock moves back 24 hrs, or an entire day. When you go west, the
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| Space | the physical gap or interval between two objects.
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| Mental Map | an interval representation of a portion of earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place' containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.
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| Functional Region | an area organized around a node or focal point.
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| Pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.
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| Expansion Diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
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| Physiological Density | the number of people per unit of area of arab land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
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| Culture | the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition.
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| Place | a specific point on earth's distinguished by a particular character.
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| Concentration | the spread of something over a given area.
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| Polder | land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.
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| Distribution | the arrangement of something across the earth's surface.
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| Possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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| Cartography | the science of making maps.
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| Cultural Landscape | fashoning of natural landscape by a cultural group.
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| Formal Region | an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.
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| Projection | the system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map.
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| Contagious Diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
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| Hearth | the region from which innovative ideas originate.
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| Cultural Ecology | geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.
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| Site | the physical character of a place.
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| Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude.
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| Arithmetic Density | the total number of people divided by the total land area.
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| Toponym | the name given to a portion of earths surface.
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| Density | the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.
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| Situation | the location of a place relative to other places.
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| Region | an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.
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| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, receivers.
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| Base Line | an east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the US.
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| Geographic Information System (GIS) | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.
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| Map | a two dimensional, or flat, representation of earths surface or a position of it.
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| Resource | a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
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| Diffusion | the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.
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| Globalization | actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
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| Agricultural Density | the ration of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
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| Sections | a square normally 1 mile on a side. the Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the US into 36 sections.
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