Biology
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| show | metaplasia
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| show | hyperplasia
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| show | hypertrophy
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| show | atrophy
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| show | aplasia
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| a few hours after death, we see __________; where due to lack of ATP, the actin and myosin filaments remain bonded together until the muscles begin decomposing. | show 🗑
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| show | tetanus
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| A________is a condition of skeletal muscle in which a sustained slight contraction is maintained. | show 🗑
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| _______is a response seen when stimuli are given to a muscle at short intervals so that the muscle does not have time to relax between stimuli. | show 🗑
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| show | phase contrast microscopy
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| show | light microscopy
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| ________microscopes reveal many organelles that the light microscope does not, but the chemical and physical methods used in preparation kill the specimen. | show 🗑
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| show | gel electrophoresis
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| the number of individuals in a species that can be sustained by available resources | show 🗑
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| show | midpeice
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| show | zona pellucida
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| ______is an organelle that develops over the interior half of the head in the spermatazoa (sperm cell) of many animals. The membrane of this organelle ruptures and releases its contents that exude enzymes that act on the jelly coat and egg cell membrane. | show 🗑
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| show | Egg cells have considerably more cytoplasm than sperm cells (sperm cells have very little cytoplasm)
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| _______behavior precedes mating in most animals. | show 🗑
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| show | self-sacrificial behavior (altruism)
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| _________behavior allows dominant hierarchies to be maintained and will inhibit other animals from attacking | show 🗑
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| show | antagonistic behavior
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| show | nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) and proteins (enzymes)
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| show | they all stayed in the ocean, and the water somewhat shielded them from the UV rays
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| any gene that has the potential to induce cancerous transformations is called a(n)________. | show 🗑
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| __________bacteria can live with or without oxygen. | show 🗑
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| show | obligate anaerobes
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| show | enzymes that convert free radicals into harmless substances; oxygen has a high tendency to create free radicals
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| show | ligand
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| how come amphibians do not live completely on dry land? | show 🗑
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| what three structures do amphibians have that enabled them to successfully invade land? | show 🗑
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| show | amnion
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| show | air-breathing lobe-finned fishes
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| show | phosphodiesterase
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| enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of ATP into cyclic AMP | show 🗑
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| second messenger that activate Ca+2 ion release from the endoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
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| cyclic ______ and cyclic ______ will activate protein kinases. | show 🗑
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| show | nitric oxide (NO)
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| show | positive
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| sign of delta G during an exergonic reaction | show 🗑
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| endergonic reaction - spontaneous or not? | show 🗑
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| show | spontaneous
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| show | exergonic (spontaneous)
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| show | very negative
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| plants that have seeds, but they are not found inside its fruits, they are seen outside the ovum. Ex, pine trees | show 🗑
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| plants that are the most successful of all plants in terms of number of species and number of indiiduals. Flowers, endosperm within the seeds, production of fruits that contain seeds. | show 🗑
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| in an angiosperm, following fertilization, which structure develops into the fruit? | show 🗑
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| ion that attaches to troponin and causes it to change shape | show 🗑
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| when calcium binds to troponin and changes its shape, what happens to tropomyosin | show 🗑
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| _____ions clear the myosin binding sites on the actin and create cross-bridges | show 🗑
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| Two examples of steroid hormones | show 🗑
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| example of peptide hormone that makes blood glucose levels decline | show 🗑
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| what does insulin bind that makes it different from other hormones? | show 🗑
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| An organism has the following genotype: HhGgLLKk. How many different GAMETES could be produced? | show 🗑
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| show | -ATP produced-water is oxidized-NADP+ is reduced
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| ______are cells that will kill the body's own cells that may have been invaded by a bacteria or virus. scientists are currently using these types of cells to aid in treatment of certain cancers. | show 🗑
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| show | perforin
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| ________cells are the specific target for the virus that causes aids AIDS (HIV). | show 🗑
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| show | G1
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| What is produced during the G1 stage of interphase? | show 🗑
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| Which stage of the cell cycle is the shortest? | show 🗑
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| show | Euglena
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| show | Paramecium
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| show | Planaria
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| show | Hydra
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| show | feedback inhibition
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| Evolutionary path of angiosperm, bryophytes, and gymnosperms (in order). | show 🗑
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| _________is a black mold genus that spoils baked goods, despite the addition of preservatives.-an obligate parasite (depends on host for survival)-Ex. - black mold on bread | show 🗑
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| show | Candida albicans
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| ________is a yeast involved in the fermentation of alcohol | show 🗑
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| ________are the spore-producing and spore containing reproductive structures of many plants. | show 🗑
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| show | -ferns-angiosperms-gymnosperms-algae-fungi-bryophytes
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| show | parthenogenesis
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| show | male honeybees
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| show | 0% - do a punnett
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| show | constrictiondilation
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| _______carry blood high in O2, while __________carry blood low in O2 | show 🗑
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| There is an exception to arteries having high O2 and veins having low O2. What is the exception? | show 🗑
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| walls of veins or arteries is thinner? | show 🗑
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| name the three layers of veins/arteries going from inside out. | show 🗑
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| show | B)-capillaries; because the capillaries have the greatest cross-sectional area
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| show | phrenic nerves
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| When the size of the thoracic cavity increases (volume), what happens to the pressure (internal)? | show 🗑
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| Amphibians exhibit positive/negative pressure breathing? | show 🗑
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| show | Negative - contraction of diaphragm
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| show | Ruminants
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| Why can't humans breakdown cellulose? | show 🗑
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| show | to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions; the sperm cell is unable to survive in a highly acidic environment.-also, the seminal fluid is neutralized since it is acidic as well due to metabolic waste produced by sperm cells
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| Which part of the male reproductive system is sperm relatively immobile and why? | show 🗑
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| Name the phylum given the following characteristics:-open circulatory system-bilateral symmetry-exoskeleton | show 🗑
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| show | mandible
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| show | foramen magnum
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| show | TMJ (tempromandibular joint)
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| basic term used to describe and opening through which nerves are allowed to pass through | show 🗑
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| What do amino acids look like at acidic pH?neutral pH?basic pH? | show 🗑
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| What two things remain constant during action potential? | show 🗑
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| __________is a plant-like protist that can be seen swimming in a pond.-a spinning colony of green-colored cells that range from a few hundred to several thousand is observed | show 🗑
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| show | Paramecium
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| -a fungi that releases tiny spores into the air-multicellular filaments called hyphae-colonies of branching hyphae are called mycelium | show 🗑
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| three divisions of mold | show 🗑
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| what are microscopic fungi?what are visible fungi? | show 🗑
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| a single-celled protist that moves by pseudopodia-interior contents enclosed by a cell membrane-no definite shape-reproduce asexually via mitosis and cytokinesis-contractile vacuole and one or more nuclei | show 🗑
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| show | Nondisjunction-no separation of homologous during prophase I of meiosis I-no separation of sister chromatids during prophase II of meiosis II-or could occur in mitosis
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| show | -Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)-Triple X -Kleinfelter's - XXY-Turner's - X - monosomy X female
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| _______is a cartilagenous rod that extends from the head to the tail in the embryo of ALL chordates | show 🗑
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| show | Mesoderm
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| show | spermatogenesis - produces 4 functional sperm cellsoogenesis - produces one functional ovum (egg)-spermatogenesis continues from puberty until death-oogenesis begins at birth and ends at menstruation; only a limited number of ova are produced
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| ________conditioning is when an animal learns to associate a voluntary activity with the consequences that follow | show 🗑
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| when an animal is exposed to a specific stimulus in its early development and forms an association with this stimulus. | show 🗑
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| show | Habituation
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| show | Proboints>prokaryotes>eukaryotes>amphibians>reptiles>primates
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| As the diameter of a nerve fiber increases, we ________electrical resistance, and speed __________. | show 🗑
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| show | The anesthetic blocks off sodium voltage-gated ion channels
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| Do exons or introns get spliced? Which get translated into proteins? | show 🗑
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| show | epistasis-mice coloring-polydactyl-ABO blood group
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| show | pleiotrophy
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| show | apoptosis
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| two suitable vectors for recombinant DNA cloning can be? | show 🗑
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| show | promoter site
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| when a plasmid becomes incorporated into a chromosome, it becomes a _______ | show 🗑
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