OCTH 712 exam 2
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| show | pelvis
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| show | sacrum
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| show | femur
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| these absorb and transfer forces from the ground up and trunk down, sacroiliac and coxal are examples | show 🗑
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| show | sacroiliac joint
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| show | hip/coxal joint
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| movement of the hip; major muscles: rectus femoris(!), psoas major, iliacus, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius; ex. kicking a soccer ball | show 🗑
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| show | extension
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| movement of the hip; major muscles: gluteus medius (ant.) (!), gluteus minimus (!), adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and gracilis; ex. skiing | show 🗑
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| movement of the hip; major muscles: gluteus maximus (!), piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior and inferior gemelli, gluteus medius (post.); ex. line dancing | show 🗑
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| movement of the hip; major muscles: gluteus maximus (!), medius (!), and minimus (!), tensor fasciae latae, sartoruis, piriformis; ex. ice skating | show 🗑
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| movement of the hip; major muscles: adductors magnus (!), longus (!), and brevis (!), pectineus, gracilis, and lower gluteus maximus; ex. gymnastics | show 🗑
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| can be used to assess movement and strength of hip, knee, ankle, and foot; typically done laying down | show 🗑
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| show | functional mobility
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| show | ambulation
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| shifting weight of body from one leg to another, facilitates positioning and movement of body, done in clinic commonly, need to do this to complete activities | show 🗑
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| show | tibiofemoral joint
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| gliding articulation between 2 bones, knee extension: bone glides superiorly and medially, knee flexion: bone glides distally and laterally | show 🗑
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| show | proximal and distal tibiofibular joints
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| hinge joint, uniaxial, movements: dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, close-pack position is full dorsiflexion | show 🗑
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| movement of the knee; major muscles: biceps femoris (!), semitendonosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, and sartorius; ex. running | show 🗑
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| show | extension
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| movement of the knee; major muscles: semitendonosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius; ex. juggling a soccer ball | show 🗑
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| show | external rotation
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| movement of the ankle; major muscles: gastrocnemius (!), soleus, tibialis posterior, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis; important for gait, dragging feet; ex. cycling | show 🗑
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| movement of the ankle; major muscles: tibialis anterior (!), extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus; ex. lifting toes off the ground | show 🗑
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| movement of the knee and ankle; major muscles: tibialis anterior (!), tibialis posterior (!), flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus; ex. walking on sand | show 🗑
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| show | eversion
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| show | flexion of 2-5 toes
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| show | extension of 2-5 toes
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| show | therapist's body mechanics with transfers
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| show | transfers
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| based on initial OT evaluation you want to select a transfer that can be performed in a way that is... | show 🗑
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| show | stand-by assistance
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| type of assisted transfer, near supervision | show 🗑
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| show | contact guard
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| show | level of assistance
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| secured around a patient's waist, used to provide a secure point of contact, alternative method to control patient's motion during transfer, should be able to only fit a few fingers under this when on | show 🗑
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| show | transfer set-up
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| adjust patient's body position while laying in bed | show 🗑
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| moving from supine to sitting without rotating back or hips, good for back injuries | show 🗑
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| show | bridging
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| show | trapeze bar
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| part of many transfers but not a transfer itself | show 🗑
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| show | minimal assistance
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| therapist does 26-50% of work | show 🗑
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| therapist does 51-75% of work | show 🗑
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| therapist does 76+% of work, usually more than one person helping | show 🗑
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| assisted stand, pivot on stance leg, sitting on a surface, minimum or moderate assistance | show 🗑
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| show | squat-pivot transfer
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| show | sliding board transfer
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| individuals who can contribute minimal to no assistance to move from one place to another, 2 person squat-pivot transfer or mechanical lift transfer | show 🗑
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| everything starts where | show 🗑
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| show | posterior pelvic tilt
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| forward rotation of pelvis, increases lumbar lordosis, increases extension of upper trunk, opens up chest, much better for upper extremity activities | show 🗑
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| sagittal plane position, pelvis tilts anterior or posterior | show 🗑
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| frontal plane position, one side of pelvis is superior or inferior to the other, misalignment | show 🗑
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| transverse plane position, rotation of one side of pelvis is anterior or posterior, misalignment, twisted | show 🗑
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| show | sit-to-stand
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| show | rocking
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| general static location of an object or individual in space | show 🗑
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| show | pressure sores
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| relative positions of segments of body that changes in response to demands of an activity; ex. scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis | show 🗑
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| collective position of body segments at any given moment, necessary for occupational performance, neutral position | show 🗑
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| show | postural control
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| neutral alignment of joints in the body, level pelvis supporting the natural curvature of spine | show 🗑
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| show | quiet standing
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| show | postural sway
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| neutral pelvic tilt as well as head and neck, symmetry is important, upright trunk with balanced curvature of spine, ears aligned with shoulders, doing this for a long time can cause back pain | show 🗑
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| as part of prep for a transfer individuals need to have seated posture that is as ____ and ____ as possible | show 🗑
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| show | increase
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| positioning is important, neutral pelvic tilt, footrests should support legs in approximately 90 degrees of hip and knee flexion | show 🗑
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| show | stability
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| show | base of support
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| show | walking or running
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| adds points of contact; increases stability; ex. canes, crutches, walkers | show 🗑
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| adds 4 points of contact, greater stability while standing or walking, assist with balance since they increase BOS | show 🗑
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| show | center of gravity
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| show | line of gravity
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| stability required for an individual to perform a particular task in a specific environmental context; depends on body structure and function; sitting or standing; ex. movement, doing activities, shifting BOS | show 🗑
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| increase BOS and maintain LOG within its boundaries, increase surface area and friction of point of contact with ground, carry objects close to body and distribute weight as evenly as possible | show 🗑
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| study of human interaction and efficiency with work environment | show 🗑
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| show | leg length discrepancy
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| curvature of spine, can contribute to pelvic obliquity, affects hips and knees which makes people with this more likely to need surgeries on hip and knee joints as well as their back | show 🗑
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| is ASIS or PSIS higher in posterior pelvic tilt | show 🗑
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| tilt of pelvic that increases thoracic kyphosis and rounded back; common in older women; swayback, Dowager's hump, and flat back are types | show 🗑
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| type of posterior tilt, posterior tilt and shifting of pelvis relative to feet | show 🗑
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| show | Dowager's hump
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| show | flat back
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| type of pelvic tilt, PSIS above ASIS, increases lumbar lordosis and extension of upper trunk | show 🗑
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| protraction of head and neck anterior to trunk, common when using phones | show 🗑
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| show | posture and occupation
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| good for minor weakness, impairment in balance, or pain; hold this in the hand opposite of the affected leg; two different types: single-point and quad | show 🗑
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| show | single-point cane
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| four projections at the base; advantages: broad BOS for increased weight shift, stands alone when not held; disadvantages: slows gait (person will not walk at a normal speed), not used for balance during normal gait | show 🗑
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| advantages: very stable BOS, foldable, used for hemiplegia; disadvantages: poor on stairs, used for weight-bearing and not balance, prevents normal gait pattern; more for front of body and not sides | show 🗑
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| show | sizing canes
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| advantages: improves balance, provides lateral stability, decreases weight-bearing, able to use on stairs; disadvantages: awkward, safety, underarm pressure, requires good balance | show 🗑
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| show | axillary crutches
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| show | forearm crutches
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| used with individuals with chronic conditions (especially MS and cerebral palsy) which affect balance but not strength | show 🗑
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| show | sizing crutches
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| 4 points on the floor, provides anterior-posterior and medial-lateral stability for balance and weight-bearing, most stability, no wheels, can have attachments as needed, used post-orthopedic issues often, fatiguing common | show 🗑
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| show | front-wheeled walkers
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| show | four-wheeled walkers
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| show | gait
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| show | gait
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| show | stance phase
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| show | swing phase
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| show | acceleration
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| part of swing phase, posterior shear force applied to foot from the ground to slow propulsion of lower extremity, part of heel strike | show 🗑
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| pelvis tilts and has obliquity back and forth and drops with swing phase into stance normally, abnormally there is lots of or no pelvic movement | show 🗑
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| distance the foot advances in relation to the other | show 🗑
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| distance between heels, determines individual's base of support while ambulating | show 🗑
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| show | cadence
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| components of measuring gait | show 🗑
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| show | trendelenburg gait
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| matters for any occupation that includes ambulation | show 🗑
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| show | circumduction gait
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| show | foot drop
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| abnormal gait, paralysis or weakness of an entire side of the body, results from neurological pathology (ex. stroke, TBI, or cerebral palsy), may include foot drop or spasticity | show 🗑
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| abnormal gait; ambulating against, or to avoid pain; not one way of doing it; slow; may twist or circumduct; have full passive ROM but painful | show 🗑
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| abnormal gait, ROM and strength are not compromised, lack of coordination causes the impairment, staggering, trying to catch balance, typically seen post-stroke or cerebellar defecits | show 🗑
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| show | scissor gait
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| show | parkinsonian gait
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| cane should be placed opposite of what side of the body, first step involves weak leg and cane at the same time | show 🗑
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| show | hands
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| show | weight-bearing
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| full, partial, none, toe-touch | show 🗑
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| show | full weight-bearing with walker
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| show | partial weight-bearing with walker
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| type of weight-bearing, walker, then transfer weight to arms, involved leg swings through with other leg, injured leg does not touch floor | show 🗑
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| show | toe-touch weight-bearing
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