ATLS Chapters 7-13
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| What are the signs of neurogenic shock? | show 🗑
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| How do you treat neurogenic shock? | show 🗑
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| show | Burst fractures (Jefferson fracture)
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| What’s the difference between types I, II, and III odontoid process fractures? | show 🗑
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| What are the indications for c-spine radiographs in a trauma patient? Which x-ray views should be obtained? | show 🗑
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| show | >97% (CT with 3mm slices >99%).
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| Ten percent of all patients with a c-spine fracture have what? | show 🗑
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| show | cause pain
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| show | Yes, if they are awake, alert, sober, neurological normal, have NO pain, and can flex, extend, and move their head to both sides without pain – you don’t need films.
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| show | Not for more than 2 hours – get them off ASAP.
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| What’s a big difference in a physical finding between hypovolemic and neurogenic shock? | show 🗑
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| show | C6
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| Why might someone not be able to breathe if they have a long bone fracture? | show 🗑
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| show | <0.9
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| By LOOKING at the patient, what findings might suggest pelvic injury? | show 🗑
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| Crush injuries may result in rhabdomyolysis – casts block flow, also iron is released which forms ROS which then damage cells and impair ability to regulate K+ etc… What can you do to prevent this? | show 🗑
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| show | 6
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| What things increase the risk for tetanus? | show 🗑
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| Should legs be completely straight when splinting? | show 🗑
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| show | 20
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| show | 1%
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| A high index of suspicion for inhalation injury must be maintained, because patients may not display clinical evidence for up to ___ hours, by this time edema may prevent non-surgical intubation. | show 🗑
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| show | 240
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| Patients with CO levels less than ___% usually don’t have any physical symptoms. | show 🗑
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| Adult head BSA = ___%. | show 🗑
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| show | 18 (9 front, 9 back)
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| What is the main difference between adult and baby BSA determination for burns? | show 🗑
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| Chest BSA = ___%. | show 🗑
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| show | 18
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| show | 9 TOTAL (front AND back).
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| show | 18 TOTAL (9 front, 9 back).
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| Baby front or back of leg BSA =___%. | show 🗑
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| If you add up BSA head, chest, back, arms, and legs you get 99% of BSA. What is the remaining 1%? | show 🗑
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| show | Partial – go into dermis, FULL go all the way through dermis and into/beyond SQ tissue.
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| For patients with CO poisoning, the ½ life is ___ when breathing room air and ___ breathing 100% oxygen | show 🗑
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| show | 4 * weight (kg) * percent BSA burned = volume in 24 hours (1st half in 8 hrs, 2nd half over 16 hrs).4*70kg*25 percent = 7 liters in 24 hours. ***Use 25, NOT 0.25)***
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| show | 10%
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| What percent partial/full thickness burns would qualify a 25 year old for a burn center transfer? | show 🗑
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| show | Face, eyes, ears, hands, genitalia, perineum, feet, skin overlying joints.
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| Does an inhalation injury warrant transfer to a burn center? | show 🗑
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| show | YES, 40 degree (104F) for 20-30 min should suffice. Don’t warm if there is risk of REFREEZING.
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| Insofar as hypothermia is concerned, patients are not pronounced dead until they are _____ and dead. | show 🗑
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| What are you thinking if a child has broken ribs? | show 🗑
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| How should you insert a Guedel in a kid? | show 🗑
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| The normal systolic BP in kids can be estimated by what? | show 🗑
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| How do you estimate a child’s total circulating volume? | show 🗑
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| show | 20 mL/kg warm crystalloid May need to repeat up to 3 times (60 mL/kg) then consider blood products.
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| Optimal UOP for infants is ___ mL/kg/hr. | show 🗑
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| show | 10 mL/kg (up to 1000 mL)
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| show | Bulging fontanelles – these allow tolerance for expanding masses/swelling…
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| show | Assuming that normal blood pressure = normovolemia. Many geriatric patients have uncontrolled hypertension, and if their normal systolic is 180, then 120/80 is relative HYPOtension for them.
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| How well do geriatric patients do with non-operative management of abdominal injuries compared to younger people? | show 🗑
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| show | Atrophic brains = stretching of the parasagittal bridging veins, making them more prone to rupture upon impact.
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| show | Decreases – dilution by plasma (31-35% is normal in pregnancy)
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| show | Normal, it can go up to 25,000 during labor!
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| show | That it is always full. (Gastric emptying time increases during pregnancy). Early NG tube placement recommended.
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| A PaCO2 of 35 to 40 in a pregnant patient may indicate what? | show 🗑
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| True or False: All Rh negative pregnant trauma patients should get Rhogam? | show 🗑
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| show | 65-70%, with a 10-fold reduction in serious injury.
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