Chapter 2: Psychology 101
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Scientific Method | a multi step technique that generates empirical knowledge, that is knowledge derived from systematic observations of the world
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| theory | an organized set of principles that describes, predicts, and explains same phenomenon
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| hypothesis | a specific testable predication, often derived from a theory
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| Operational definition | definitions that specify how concepts can be observed and measured in order to test a hypothesis
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| Descriptive research | to solve problems associated with observation and descriptions
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| correlational research | to solve the problem of prediction
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| experimental research | to understand the cause of behavior
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| reactivity | when behavior changes as a result of the observation process
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| Types of descriptive research | naturalistic observations, case studies, and surveys
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| naturalistic observations | a descriptive research technique that records naturally occurring behavior as opposed to behavior produced in the laboratory
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| participant observation | when the observer attempts to become a part of the activities studied
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| laboratory research | research conducted in an environment that can be regulated and in which participants can be observed carefully
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| drawback | may elicit a typical behavior and cannot control everything
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| field research | research conducted in real-world locations
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| case study | a descriptive research technique in which the effort is focused on a single case, usually an individual
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| survey | a descriptive research technique designed to gather limited amounts of information from many people, usually by administering some kind of questionnaire
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| sample | subset of individuals from a target population
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| random sampling | a procedure guaranteeing that everyone in the population has an equal likelihood of being selected for the sample
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| psychological tests | designed to measure differences among people
(achievement tests, personality tests, etc..)
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