Immunohematology
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What is Dosage? | show 🗑
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show | Kidd, Duffy, Rh and MNSsU (Kell occasionally)
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show | Enhanced (ABO, Lewis, P, Rh, Kidd); Decreased (MNSs, Duffy)
Unaffected(Kell)
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show | Warm: IgG, Requires exposure to the Antigen, Causes HDN/ HTR, Clinically significant
Cold: IgM, Naturally occuring, (((No HDO/ HTR's and NOT significant))) EXCEPT ABO!!!
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show | -Causes HTR or HDN
- Most are warm reactive (37C or IAT)
- if "Cold reactive" or RT reactive, they are most insignificant
- Usually IgG (warm) vs IgM (cold)
- IgM's are "naturally occurring", i.e. NOT due to transfusion/ or pregnancy
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show | A: N-acetyl galactosamine
B: Galactose
H: Fucose
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what is the order of relative amounts of H antigen present on a RBC, by blood group? | show 🗑
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show | A: A1, Sda
B: H
C: Vicea Graninea
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What are the Big 4 types (most common) for Whites and Blacks? | show 🗑
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show | Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU, P, Pk, Lub
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What alleles does the Kell blood group contain? What are the frequencies for each? | show 🗑
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show | Fya and Fyb, codominance
Fya 65/ 10%
Fyb- 83%/ 23%
Fya-/fyb- rare/ 68%
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What alleles does the Kidd system contain? What are the frequencies of each (White/ Black)? | show 🗑
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What alleles does the MNSsU system contain? What are the frequencies of each (White/ Black)? | show 🗑
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show | I: 99%
i: only in neonates/ newborns
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What are the frequencies of the Lewis system? | show 🗑
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What are the frequencies of the P system? | show 🗑
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show | Lua: 7.6%
Lub: 99.8%
Lu: Rare
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show | Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU, Lutheran (some)
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Which classes of Ab are IgM? | show 🗑
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Which classes of Ab are clinicially signicant? | show 🗑
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show | 7
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show | 1
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show | 18
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show | 5
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show | 19
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show | 22
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What chromosome is the Lutheran gene on? | show 🗑
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show | 1
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show | 19
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show | Kell, Duffy, Kidd (due to pregnancy or transfusion), SsU, Lub
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Which Blood systems will agglutinate optimally at RT or below? | show 🗑
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Which Blood systems will agglutinate best at 37C? | show 🗑
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What is the reaction of each Ab to produce HDN or HTR? Kell, Duffy, Kidd, M, N, S, s, U, I, Lewis, P, Lutheran | show 🗑
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Are Blood group Ag's present on the cell at birth? | show 🗑
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Which Ab's bind complement? | show 🗑
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What is the ethnic association of the Kell system? | show 🗑
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What is the ethnic association with the Duffy system? | show 🗑
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show | <1% of Blacks are negative, making it hard to find blood.
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What is the Ethnic association with hte Lewis system? | show 🗑
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What disease is associated with the Kell system? | show 🗑
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What is always present if U is inherited? | show 🗑
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show | Glycoprotein, integral to RBC membrane.
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What is the biochemical composition of the Duffy Ag's? | show 🗑
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What is the biochemical composition of the Kidd system? | show 🗑
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show | Kell system
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show | K Antigen
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show | NO
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show | No
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show | Yes
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show | M & N- A
SsU- B
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What are the structural differences between the I and i Ag's? | show 🗑
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What Ag is associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniea and cold hemagglutinin diagnosis? | show 🗑
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show | i
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show | Glycolipid, a glycosyltransferase, depends on H, Se, and Le genes... often see a transition from a+b+ to a-b+
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show | production of anti-PP1Pk Ab (anti-Tja)
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Which blood group is linked to adhesion properties and mediation of intracellular signalling? | show 🗑
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What cells are involved primarily in innate immunity? | show 🗑
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What cells are primarily involved with adaptive immunity? | show 🗑
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show | Activates T helper cells, which induce inflammatory responses and fever
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show | development of mature blood cells from stem cells in the bone marrow
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What are the factors that affect an immune response? | show 🗑
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Which antibody is associated with a primary immune response? | show 🗑
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show | IgG primarily, though some IgM can be produced
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How long is the lag phase for a primary immune response? | show 🗑
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show | A substance capable of eliciting an immune response when introduced into an immunocompetent individual to whom it's foreign
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What is an epitope? | show 🗑
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What is an immunogen? | show 🗑
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What sort of factors affect antigenicity? | show 🗑
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Of the non-ABO blood group antigens, which are most immunogenic? | show 🗑
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show | Alloantibody that results from exposure to RBC Ab via pregnancy or transfusion
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show | isoagglutinins, which are naturally occuring with no evidence of RBC exposure
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show | antibody that built against the self. It can be either specific or non specific. Warm and cold forms are possible
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show | Pentamer structure;
Phase of Reactivity: cold- best at 4-10C;
Cannot cross placenta;
Good complement activator;
Not usually clinically significant, except for the ABO system;
Many are naturally occuring
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show | 1,2,3,4;
Most are IgG3, some 1 and 2, not often 4
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show | IgG1, IgG3, IgG4
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What is the half life of IgG1, 2 and 4? | show 🗑
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show | Structure: Monomer;
Phase of reactivity: 37C;
CAN cross the placenta
Poor to good activator of Complement, though requires 2;
USUALLY clinically siignificant
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What type of Antibody interact with the ABO Ag's? | show 🗑
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What is the cause of most transfusion fatalities? | show 🗑
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show | Not usually, except for ABO OR if they are reactive at 37
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show | Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, Ss
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show | Kidd- Jka, Jkb
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What does LMNOP and I denote? | show 🗑
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What is the term to describe a decrease in the expected increments of platelets following a transfusion? | show 🗑
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show | Platelet antibodies
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What is post transfusion purpura? | show 🗑
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show | Alloantibodies are directed at antigen on platelets inherited from the father
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