Assorted SATBIO memory joggers, facts, and scraps of info.
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| (0.8)^2 + 2(0.8)(0.2) + (0.2)^2 = Hardy-Weinberg equation | show 🗑
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| Photosynthesis needs: light, chloroplasts, water, chlorophyll, CO2 | show 🗑
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| In prokaryotes, photosynthesis and cell respiration occur in structures at plasma membrane. | show 🗑
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| Bacteria can be chemotrophs, phototrophs, or heterotrophs. | show 🗑
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| Identify substance targeted: Amylase, Pepsin, Trypsin, Carboxypeptidase, Bile | show 🗑
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| Staggered restriction enzymes -> sticky ends. Blunt restriction enzymes -> no sticky ends, attach to any other "blunt ends." | show 🗑
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| Norapinephrine - in the endocrine system, acts slower (as a hormone) than its role as a neurotransmitter. | show 🗑
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| Blood pH = rougly from 7.45 to 7.55. | show 🗑
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| Blood clotting requires: vitamin K, platelets, thrombin, calcium. | show 🗑
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| Way to classify species: (in italics) Meleagris gallopovo. | show 🗑
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| All life must: perform cell respiration, regulate internal environment, reproduce, pass traits to offspring. Need proteins, genetic material, water. | show 🗑
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| Organism has diploid #cells; haploid # only in gametes. | show 🗑
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| Mutations caused by random events. | show 🗑
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| Homologous structures - similar structure, different function. Analogous structures - similar functions, different structure. | show 🗑
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| Large areas better preserve biodiversity. | show 🗑
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| Electron transport chain in photosynthesis still produces ATP. | show 🗑
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| Antibiotics break down cell walls; work on bacteria, not viruses. | show 🗑
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| Plants use oxygen for cell respiration at night - no light. | show 🗑
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| Best way to find what alleles a plant has - self pollination. | show 🗑
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| Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have: plasma membrane, DNA, mini-ribosomes, and can do binary fission. | show 🗑
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| Types of reproductive isolation: temporal, behavioral, mechanical, hybrid sterility, niche overlap. | show 🗑
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| Germ cells = gametes, and thus haploid. | show 🗑
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| Brain controls respiration by finding pH; determined by CO2 level in blood. | show 🗑
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| Estrogen builds the uterine wall; corpus luteum secretes progesterone to continue building it after ovulation. | show 🗑
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| Stamen is the male reproductive plant organ (anther/filament), while the pistil is the female one (stigma, style, ovule, pollen tube) | show 🗑
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| Contractile vacuoles - only work when accustomed to outside water concentration. Eg. saltwater ones don't work in freshwater. | show 🗑
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| DNA - in eukaryotes. RNA - in prokaryotes and retroviruses. | show 🗑
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| Emulsification (eg. Bile) makes fat into smaller globules for absorption - not actually digesting. | show 🗑
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| Disruptive selection - only "chooses" the extreme form of alleles. | show 🗑
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| "Degradation" = opposite of ecological succession. | show 🗑
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| A catalyst: lowers needed activation energy, speeds up process, creates heat, and is not used up. Opposite of a catalyst = "inhibitor." | show 🗑
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| Cerebellum - muscles/motor coordination, cerebrum - thought, medulla - w/ brainstem for involuntary stuff, hypothalamus - body homeostasis. | show 🗑
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| When reading population graphs - predators slow growth or shrink size of a population. | show 🗑
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| Ventricles - main blood pumpers. Left ventricle pumps blood to rest of body. | show 🗑
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| Fitness - ability to contribute to next gen.'s gene pool. Most fit are ones that already have fertile offspring. | show 🗑
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| Insight learning (aka "Intuition reasoning") = organism *discovers* solution to new solution beyond associative response. eg. using stick to reach food. | show 🗑
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| Genetic drift = random shift of alleles in a population. *NOT* directional selection. | show 🗑
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| Denitrification = makes ammonia into gaseous nitrogen. | show 🗑
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| Protein molecules in the phospholipid bilayer can move for active transport. | show 🗑
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| Rigid cells in plants that take potassium & water = guard cells. | show 🗑
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| Parenchyma cells - living cells with versatile duties. including photosynthesis, storage for starch and sugar, and transport. | show 🗑
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| Nucleus has a lipid bilayer that keeps proteins in. | show 🗑
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| Probability for a boy or girl - 50%! *Trick question*. | show 🗑
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| To eliminate a species: purge food, killt it, or destroy habitat. | show 🗑
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| Be careful in matching circles to answers! | show 🗑
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| Kidneys eliminate waste, make urine, regulate salt excretion, and maintain water balance. | show 🗑
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| Keep 1st answer unless you have a good reason to. | show 🗑
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| "Adaptive Radiation" = single ancestor 'radiating' into different species. | show 🗑
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| Plant seeds - travel by wind, water, or animals. | show 🗑
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| Read carefully and underline key words in question! | show 🗑
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| Karyotypes - chart of chromosomes The number under each one = the number of the chromosome (except for X/Y). Don't show mutations, individual DNA, or genes. | show 🗑
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| "Autosomal" = refering to non-sex chromosomes. | show 🗑
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| Homologous chromosomes = the paired chromosomes in meiosis. | show 🗑
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| Law of Independent Assortment - the random assortment of alleles. For example, in humans, say you have 4 gametes and the alleles T/t and Y/y. You can get the random combinations (like TY, tY, Ty, ty) for each of the 4 gametes. | show 🗑
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| Mitotic cycle of phases: "S phase" = replication of chromosomes. "G1 phase" = cell growth along with S phase. "G2" = more growth for mitosis. "M" = mitosis. | show 🗑
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| Nitrogen cycle - nitrogen-fixing legume nodule bacteria "ammonify" nitrogen gas into ammonia. Decomposers also contribute. Other bacteria "nitrify" ammonia into nitrites, which are "denitrified" by other bacteria to make gas again. | show 🗑
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| All chordates have a backbone, are bilaterally symmetrical, and have a nervous system. | show 🗑
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