physiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | True
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| show | Action
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| show | polarized.
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| show | saltatory
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| show | stimulus-gated channel.
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| show | False
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| The difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is that: | show 🗑
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| The speed of a nerve impulse depends on the neuron’s resting potential. | show 🗑
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| show | slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
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| The sodium-potassium pump actively pumps three potassium ions out of the neuron and two sodium ions into the neuron. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential. | show 🗑
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| What mechanism quickly terminates the action of a neurotransmitter once it binds to its postsynaptic receptor? | show 🗑
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| show | Gated-channel receptor
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| When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive compared with its outer surface. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| The tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron’s axon is called a(n) | show 🗑
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| show | neurotransmitters
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| In a myelinated fiber, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. | show 🗑
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| When neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs stimulate a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession, their effect can add up over a brief period to produce an action potential. This is called | show 🗑
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| The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close. | show 🗑
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| show | a cell body.
a dendrite.
another axon.
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| show | sodium-potassium pump.
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| The brief period during which a local area of an axon's membrane resists re-stimulation is called the __________ period. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the _____, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open | show 🗑
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| There are two types of synapses—the electrical synapse and the __________ synapse. | show 🗑
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| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | show 🗑
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| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | show 🗑
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| show | resting
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| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | show 🗑
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| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | show 🗑
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| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | show 🗑
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| show | initiate an action potential.
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| show | They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters.
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| A synapse consists of: | show 🗑
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| Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest? | show 🗑
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| The only ion(s) that can diffuse across a neuron’s membrane when the neuron is at rest is (are): | show 🗑
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| When an impulse reaches a synapse: | show 🗑
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| There are two types of synapses—the electrical synapse and the __________ synapse | show 🗑
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| The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is | show 🗑
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| show | 130
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| show | negative
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| show | The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is positively charged.
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| Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters? | show 🗑
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| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | show 🗑
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| show | amine neurotransmitter.
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| show | receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
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| The brief period during which a local area of an axon's membrane resists re-stimulation is called the __________ period. | show 🗑
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| Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is the nervous system. | show 🗑
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| The two main types of adrenergic receptors are | show 🗑
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| show | glandular secretion.
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| show | constriction of the bronchioles
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| show | memory.
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| Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they | show 🗑
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| show | cerebral localization.
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| Acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors. | show 🗑
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| show | cerebellum.
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| The _____ nerve transmits impulses that result in sensations of equilibrium. | show 🗑
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| The most numerous cerebral tracts are the | show 🗑
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| show | cranial reflex.
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| show | acetylcholinesterase.
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| show | dermatome
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| show | sensory and motor neurons.
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| The reticular activating system maintains | show 🗑
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| show | thalamus
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| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters, | show 🗑
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| show | central sulcus.
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| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? | show 🗑
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| show | emotion.
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| Tongue movement is controlled by which cranial nerve? | show 🗑
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| The somatic motor system includes all the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS. | show 🗑
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| show | hypothalamus
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| show | relaxation.
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| “Fight or flight” physiological changes include all of the following EXCEPT | show 🗑
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| show | motor program.
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| show | Babinski sign
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| A _____ is a skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receives motor axons from a given spinal nerve. | show 🗑
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| show | nicotinic
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| What is the difference between a somatic reflex and an autonomic reflex? | show 🗑
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| show | synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron.
send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia.
pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing.
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| The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | show 🗑
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| The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the: | show 🗑
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| show | coccygeal
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| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | show 🗑
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| show | the sympathetic nervous system.
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| show | willed movement
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| show | False
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| show | vagus.
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| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | show 🗑
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| show | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex)
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| show | The diaphragm would stop contracting.
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| show | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division.
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| show | The major function of the parasympathetic division is to serve as an “emergency” system.
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| show | True
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| Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics except: | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? | show 🗑
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| show | carries both sensory and motor fibers.
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| show | Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.
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| . Which hormone is released by the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid gland? | show 🗑
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| Which hormone produced by the adrenal glands is responsible for mobilization of energy stores? | show 🗑
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| What should you avoid doing in the middle of your sleep cycle that would lower melatonin? | show 🗑
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| What goes wrong in the function of insulin in type 2 diabetes? | show 🗑
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| Which ear structures are responsible for the amplification and transfer of sound from the external ear to the inner ear? | show 🗑
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| show | Ruffini corpuscles.
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| Accommodation for near vision necessitates | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements is not true of the pineal gland? | show 🗑
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| show | slow to appear but long-lasting
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| show | malleus, incus, and stapes.
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| show | protein kinases activate other enzymes.
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| show | Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations
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| show | Internal organs
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| show | Thalamus
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| The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: | show 🗑
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| show | tectorial
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| show | M
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| The olfactory tract carries impulses associated with: | show 🗑
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| Clearness or sharpness of visual perception is known as: | show 🗑
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| show | Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain.
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| The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is: | show 🗑
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| All of the following are nonsteroid hormones except: | show 🗑
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| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the | show 🗑
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| show | transcription of RNA
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| show | lymphocytes.
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| show | hematopoietic stem cells
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| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | show 🗑
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| show | fibrinolysis.
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| show | none of the above; all of these components are critical to coagulation.
options: prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin.
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| show | prothrombin activator.
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| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | show 🗑
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| _____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | show 🗑
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| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | show 🗑
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| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | show 🗑
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| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | show 🗑
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| show | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers
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| A type of abnormal heart sound that may signify incomplete closing of the valves is | show 🗑
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| show | left atrium
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| show | sympathetic, parasympathetic
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| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | show 🗑
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| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | show 🗑
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| show | elastic arteries
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| show | precapillary sphincters
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| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | show 🗑
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| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | show 🗑
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| show | great saphenous vein
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| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | show 🗑
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| show | chemoreceptor reflex
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| show | Hemodynamics.
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| show | pulse pressure.
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| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | show 🗑
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| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called | show 🗑
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| show | Septic
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| show | stronger the contraction.
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| Lymph is filtered by the | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytes
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| The purpose of the lymphatic system is to | show 🗑
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| show | intracellular fluid
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| show | the heart
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| The T cell is considered | show 🗑
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| show | antibodies
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| show | spleen
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| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | show 🗑
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| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | show 🗑
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| show | natural killer cells.
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| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | show 🗑
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| show | self-tolerance
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| show | defense and hematopoiesis
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| show | lymphocyte
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| show | become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen
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| show | effector T cells and memory cells.
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| Complement can best be described as a(n): | show 🗑
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| show | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site
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| show | clonal selection theory
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| show | phagocytosis.
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| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | show 🗑
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| show | thymocytes
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| show | Answer: All of the above
Options: sebum, mucus, enzymes
hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa
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| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | show 🗑
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| show | Species resistance
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| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | show 🗑
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| Which term refers to the volume of inspired air that actually reaches, or “ventilates,” the alveoli? | show 🗑
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| The amount of oxygen that diffuses into blood each minute depends on which factor? | show 🗑
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| An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood causes | show 🗑
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| A right shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve due to increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide is also known as | show 🗑
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| More than two-thirds of the carbon dioxide carried by blood is carried in the form of | show 🗑
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| show | tidal
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| show | dissolved oxygen in the plasma
associated with hemoglobin
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| show | volume of air expired per second during forced expiration.
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| show | medullary rhythmicity area.
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| The exact amount of oxygen in blood depends mainly on the amount of | show 🗑
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| Oxygen enters blood from alveolar air because the partial pressure of alveolar air is | show 🗑
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| greater than the partial pressure of incoming blood. | show 🗑
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| show | spirometer.
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| show | asthma.
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| During the respiratory cycle, intrapleural pressure is always less than alveolar pressure. This difference is called | show 🗑
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| When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, some of the carbon dioxide molecules associate with water to form | show 🗑
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| The compound formed when carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin is | show 🗑
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| What variations exist in the body to temporarily store or carry oxygen? | show 🗑
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| show | intrapleural and alveolar pressures decrease
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| Pressure gradients are established by changes in the | show 🗑
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| show | The alveolar and capillary walls are both very thin.
The alveolar and capillary surfaces are both extremely large.
The lung capillaries accommodate a large amount of blood at one time. Each red blood cell comes close to alveolar air.
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| show | central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors.
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| show | increase in breathing.
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| show | chloride
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| show |
atmosphere and the alveolar air.
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| The ability of the lungs and thorax to stretch is referred to as | show 🗑
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| Which oxygen-binding protein helps move oxygen out of the blood and into muscle cells? | show 🗑
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| The _____ represents the largest volume of air an individual can move in and out of the lungs. | show 🗑
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| show | directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and to the total pressure of the mixture.
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| show | Boyle’s
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| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | show 🗑
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| Which of the following combinations in arterial blood could cause an increase in the respiratory rate? | show 🗑
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| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. | show 🗑
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| show | tidal volume.
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| show | hemoglobin.
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| show | 760
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| Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise? | show 🗑
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| The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to: | show 🗑
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| show | directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and
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| Internal respiration can be defined as | show 🗑
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| show | inversely; constant
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| The function of surfactant is to: | show 🗑
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| Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract: | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system? | show 🗑
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| show | Henry
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| show | 97%
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| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | show 🗑
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| show | inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
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| show | less than in the systemic venous, equal to the systemic arterial
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| When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure: | show 🗑
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| Fats and other nutrients in the duodenum stimulate the intestinal mucosa to release a hormone called | show 🗑
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| Peristalsis is regulated in part by the intrinsic stretch reflexes. It is also thought to be stimulated by the hormone | show 🗑
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| During which stage of swallowing is there a risk of food entering respiratory pathways? | show 🗑
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| show | defecation.
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| show | peristalsis
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| show | laryngeal
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| show | 80%
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| show | digestive enzymes and bile
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|
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| The ejection of bile from the gallbladder is controlled by which hormones? | show 🗑
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| CCK is an intestinal hormone that | show 🗑
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| show | Absorption
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| show | digestive
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| show | chylomicrons.
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| The chemical process in which a compound unites with water and then splits into simpler compounds is called | show 🗑
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| show | amylase.
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| Because fats are insoluble in water, they must be | show 🗑
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| show | parietal cells
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|
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| Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion? | show 🗑
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| show | Oral stage
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| show | propel food forward along the GI tract
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|
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| show | secretin.
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|
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| show | Sucrose
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|
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| show | gastric inhibitory peptide.
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|
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| show | carbohydrates.
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|
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| Which of the processes of mechanical digestion involves the esophagus? | show 🗑
|
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| The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are: | show 🗑
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| show | breaking fats into small droplets.
🗑
|
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| The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is: | show 🗑
|
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| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. | show 🗑
|
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| Glucose moves from the GI tract into the circulatory system by the process of: | show 🗑
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| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | show 🗑
|
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| show | vasoactive intestinal peptide.
🗑
|
||||
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | show 🗑
|
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| When classified according to the kind of chemical reactions catalyzed, digestive enzymes are referred to as _____ enzymes. | show 🗑
|
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| An end product of fat digestion is: | show 🗑
|
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| show | neutralize hydrochloric acid.
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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