Core Content Knowledge for Special Education - Approaches/Theories
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| 8 learning and achievement theories | Cognitive, Constructionist, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Sociological, Ecological, Therapeutic and Medical
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| Theoretic strategies include attention to learning styles, metacognition, teaching learning strategies, peer grouping, scaffolding, focus on behavioral temperament and social context of learning. | Cognitive Theories
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| Gestalt and Piaget | Cognitive Theorists
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| Theory analyzing problem solving, memory and language. Focus is on how students understand, how students look at and how students solve problems. | Cognitive Theories
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| Piaget | Constructionist Theorist
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| Experiential learning | Constructionist Theories
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| Students create and construct mental models, teachers facilitate experimentations and hands-on learning. | Constructionist Theories
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| Inquiry based learning is an example of this theory. | Constructionist Theories
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| The study of human behavior focused on motivation and drives and the importance of emotions. | Psychodynamic Theory Defined
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| Brucke, Jung and Freud | Psychodynamic Theorists
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| Thought processes, genetic make-up, emotional health and environment are the sources to a student's personality and reactions to situations. | Psychodynamic Theories
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| Human behavior and relationships formulated by conscious and unconscious stimuli. | Psychodynamic Theories
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| Skinner | Behavioral Theorist
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| ABC model | ANTECEDENT or stimulusTarget BEHAVIOR or responseCONSEQUENCES or reinforcement
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| IEP, BIP and FBA are examples | Behavioral Theories
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| Key components of Behavioral Theories | Explicit teaching and direct instruction
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| Focus is on tasks to grasp, skills to develop, and environment. | Behavioral Theories
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| Operant conditioning | Assessment of a student's learning by analyzing tasks presented and how the student responds.
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| Bandura | Sociological Theorist
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| Students learn through observation (watching). | Sociological Theories
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| Demonstration and modeling are an example of this theory. | Sociological
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| The study of how humans develop within their own environments. | Ecological Theories
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| Society and culture affect how a student will learn and each students future academic success. | Ecological Theories
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| Family systems theory | Ecological Theory example
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| Collaborative approach utilizing speech pathologists, occupational and physical therapists, and medical personnel. | Therapeutic Theories
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| Focus is on the needs of exceptional students and may require therapy and interventions through push-in and pull-out models. | Therapeutic Theories
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| Conditions are due to genetic causes, diseases, illnesses, accidents, and other etiologies. | Medical Theories
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| Factors of medical conditions should be considered not the theory itself when developing an IEP. | Medical Theories
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