APHG Chapter 3
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| Culture | shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society
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| Cultural traits | indiviual elements of culture; food preferences, architecture, land use, etc.
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| Habit | repetitive action(s) a person performs regularly
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| Custom | repetitive act performed by a group so much that it becomes a custom
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| cultural landscape | (Sauer) an area fashioned from nature by a cultural group
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| Built environment | an environment modified by a group through distinctive construction
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| Customs | different around the world and actions mean different things in different regions
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| Folk culture | mostly practiced by small homogenous groups living in rural or isolated, indigenous communities; origins are often anonymous, unknown hearths, tradition
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| Popular culture | found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other characteristics; influenced by media, urban, MDCs, diffuses by contagious or hierarchical diffusion, folk culture can turn into pop culture; soccer f
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| Folk music | usually anonymous, conveys daily activites, life-cycle moments or natural events
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| Music | universal human cultural form of expression
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| popular music | written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to large numbers, high degree of technical skill; electronic equipment; folk to popular culture process, rooted in Europe and North America
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| Folk culture | if it diffuses then it's most likely relocation diffusion; keep a distinctive language, refusal to adopt modern technology, 1700's Mennonite group in Switz. migrate to pennsylvania (lancaster, pennsylvania)
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| New England house | Federalist style through 1700s
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| Mid-Atlantic house | "I Design" One room deep and two rooms wide
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| Chesepeke house | Usually one story with porches and chimneys at either end
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| Alcohol | Bourbon in the upper South, Canadian Whiskey in the North and Tequila in the Southwest, Wine in Italy and California
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| Folk food | simple food traditionally eaten by the common people of a particular region
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| Modern house styles | Minimal Traditional: small houses for men returning from WWII, Ranch: replaced minimals, Split Level - family room, kitchen, then bedrooms on top, Contemporary: (50’s - 70’s) architect designed houses, Shed: (late 60’s) high pitched shed roofs
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| Neo-Eclectic Styles | Mansard: second story and slope into the roofline, Neo-Tudor: popular in the 70’s, steep front gables with wood detailing, Neo French: popular in the 80’s, rounded top windows, high roofs, Neo Colonial: large great room replaced family and living rooms
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| Cultural imperialism | imposition of one’s economic, political or cultural will on another
society
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| Internet | 1995 - 40 million users worldwide (25 in the U.S.); now 1.6 billion
- U.S. now only 14% of Internet users
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| ethnocentrism | the judging of another culture solely by the values of one’s own culture; particularly in terms of religions and customs
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| acculturation | a minority group’s adoption of some of the dominant culture’s customs
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| assimilation | the erasure of the customs of a minority culture to blend in fully with the dominant culture
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| the “S Curve” | a common pattern of adoption of any trait or custom by a society
- can relate to technology use to the adoption of customs
- from innovation to early adopters to a tipping point and finally late adopters
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| imperialism | the imposition of one society’s polical, economic or cultural will or way of life on another society
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| Fast food | emerged in 1950’s as part of America’s growing mobility, appealed to travelers for their quickness and familiarity, have spread nationwide and worldwide, are criticized for cheapening and commodifying traditional family dining rituals
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| Popular culture | often demands more natural resources and produces more pollution, not sustainable consumption levels globally, concern over inefficiency with meat consumption with regard to calories, concern with carbon emissions, global warming and plastic waste
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