Structure of the Internet
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| Internet | A network of computer networks and computers using unique IP addresses and TCP/IP
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| Gateway | Connects networks that use different network protocols
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| Router | Connects networks that use the same link layer protocol
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| IP address | A unique address that identifies a computer of other electronic devices on a network
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| WWW (World Wide Web) | A system of hyperlinked text documents accessed via the Internet
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| Intranet | A private computer network used to share information or operations within an organisation
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| Domain name | A name that identifies one or more IP addresses
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| What does FQDN stand for? | Fully qualified domain name
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| What does a FQDN consist of? | Host ID and domain name
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| DNS server | A server that translates FQDNs into IP addresses
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| What does URL stand for? | Uniform Resource Locator
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| What is a URL? | A URI that identifies a resource by its network location
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| What does URI stand for? | Uniform resource identifier
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| What does a URI do? | Specifies how to access a resource on the Internet
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| Server | A software process that provides a service requested by a client
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| Client | A software process that requests and uses the services provided by a server
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| Client-server model | A client software process initiates a request for a service from a server software process, and the server responds to that request
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| Protocol | A set of agreed signals, codes and rules for data exchange between systems
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| Protocol Stack | A collection of protocol layers where each layer is responsible for part of the process governed by the stack
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| Name the parts of the TCP/IP protocol stack from top to bottom | Application layer, transport layer, network layer and link layer
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| Port | An address for a software process
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| Socket | A combination of a host IP address and a port number
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| Bidirectional | Data passes both ways at the same time
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| Client port numbers | Temporary port numbers used by client processes. They lie in the range 1024 to 4095
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| Well-known port numbers | Universally known port numbers used by servers. They lie in the range 0 to 1023
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| What does the TCP or Transport layer do? | Connects hosts, detects errors, retransmits packets and detects if a connection is broken
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| Network layer | Adds and removes source and destination IP addresses from packets
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| Link layers | Handles all the physical details of interfacing with the cable
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| Application layer | Handles the details of a particular networking application
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| What ports does FTP use and what are they used for? | Port 20 for file transfer data Port 21 for file transfer control (commands)
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| What ports does a web server use? | 80 and 8080
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| What port does a SMTP server use? | 25
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| What port does a POP3 server use? | 110
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| What port does a Telnet server use? | 23
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