MICRO/ Media prep WORD LIST
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| BACTERIA | One-cell micro orgnism that lacks a nucleus and reproduces by cell division
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| BACILLUS | a rod shaped bacteria
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| COCCUS | A spherical shaped bacteria
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| SPIRILLA | a spiral shaped bacteria
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| PROKARYOTE | A micro-organism without a nuclear membrane (bacteria, viruses)
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| GRAM'S STAIN | A common staining technique used to differentiate bacteria
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| ACID FAST BACTERIA | Bacteria that do not stain differentially with Gram's stain but do retain color when treated with special acid solutions. (EG TB)
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| AGAR | An extract of seaweed that is used to solidify microbiology culture media
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| SLANT | When agar media solidifies in tubes on a slant. Used for fungal investigations
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| STAB | When agar media is allowed to solidify in tubes in an upright position. Used for motility investigations.
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| COLONY | A mass of bacteria all having a common parent cell
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| CONFLUENT GROWTH | Area of dense growth on solid media where colonies run together
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| FASTIDIOUS | Anm extremely delicate and difficult to culture micro-organism. Requires special media and conditions for growth
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| STREAKING | The technique of skimming an inoculating wire loop over the surface of solid media usually in order to isolate colonies
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| AEROTOLERANT | The ability of an anaerobic organism to grow in air, usually poorly.
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| ANAEROBE | A micro-organism that will grow only in the complete or nearly complete absence of oxygen
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| FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE | A micro-organism that grow under either aerobic or anerobic conditions
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| ANTIBIOTIC | A substance that inhibits or kills other microorganisms. A broad spectrum antibiotic is effective against a wide range of micro organisms. Does not damage host eg. Penicillin
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| ANTIMICROBIAL | Any chemical substance that is capable of killing or suppressing the growth of microorganisms. May be too toxic for human use eg: bleach
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| FUNGI | A form of microscopic plant life that lacks chlorophyll. May be in a yeast or mold form.
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| MOLD | One of the three categories of fungus. Defined by long tubular structures called hyphae or mycelia
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| YEAST | One of the three categories of fungus characterized by round or oval, unicellular organisms that reproduce by budding.
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| DIMORPHIC FUNGI | fungi that grow in either yeast or mold form, depending on the environment
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| DERMATOYPHYTES | Fungi causing diseases of the skin, hair and nails but do not involve other tissues
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| PARASITES | oRGANISMS THAT OBTAIN NUTRITION FROM ANOTHER LIVING CREATURE
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| PARASITES | Organisms that obtain nutritionfrom another living creature
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| METAZOA | A subkingdom of parasites including worms
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| PROTOZOA | One celled parasites that cause diseases such as malaria
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| CYST | The infective stage of a parasite
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| OVA | Eggs
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| NORMAL FLORA | Micro organisms that usually reside in certain areas of the body (mouth, gut)
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| NOSOCOMIAL | Infections that are acquired while in a health care setting (hospital)
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| PATHOGENIC | An agent with the ability to cause harm of disease to another arganism
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| CONTAGIOUS | Capable of b eing transmitted from one person to another.
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| CAPSULE | Gelatinous material that surrounds the bacterial cell wall. Demonstrated by an India Ink preparation
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| SPORE | The reproductive element of fungi, or bacteria, that can withstand extremes in environmental conditions
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| VIRUS | Intracellular parasite that cannot reproduce outside a living host and contains either RNA or DNA genetic material
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| OBLIGATE AEROBE | A microorganism that must have oxygen and cannot grow in an anaerobic environment
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| OBLIGATE ANAEROBE | A microorganism that lives and reproduces in the complete or nearly complete absence of oxygen
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| FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE | A microorganism that lives and reproduces under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions
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| OBLIGATE MICRO-AEROPHILE | A microorganism that lives only under reduced oxygen levels and cannot grow aerobically or anaerobically.
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| AEROTOLERANT | A microorganism that can live in aerobic conditions but prefers anaerobic conditions
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| Bacterial Structure: Capsule | Protective covering and or glue
Stores food
Aids in waste disposal
Sometimes sticky which ncreases pathogenicity
Requires special stianing to be observed
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| Bacteria structure Cell Wall: | Gives bacteria shape
Aids in waste disosal
Sometimes sticky which increasss pathogenicity
Requires special staining to be observed
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| Bacteria structure Cell (plasma)membrane: | Semipermeable membrane so it controls passage of nutrients and waste via active and passive transport
Produces enzymes for digestion of larger molecules so they can cross membrane
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| Ribosomes | Site of protein production
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| Granular inclusions | packages of enzymes, waste, nutrients etc.
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| Pili | Movement of bacteria
Some specialized ones are for DNA transfer (conjugation)
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| Cytoplasm | Protein based fluid in which nutrients and other substances are dissolved
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| Chromosome or plasmid | DNA material
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| Chromosome or plasmid | DNA material
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| Mesosome | Respiratory organelle (like a mitochondria in an animal cell)
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| endospores | Encapsulation of chromosomes in response to adverse environmental conditions
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| Flagella | Bacterial movememt
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| Infection | Multiplication of a micro organisms to the detriment of the host.
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| Sepsis | the state of infection usually the blood
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| Asepsis | The PREVENTION of contamination of sterile material or living tissue.
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| Contamination | The process of polluting items with infectious material
Asepsis
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| Antisepsis | The PROCESS of elimination of microorganisms by chemical or physical methods usually living tissue
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| Antiseptic | A CHEMICAL that destroys, or inhibits pathogens and is sufficiently safe to be applied on the skin (topically).
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| Bactericide state only | An agent the inhibits bacterial grown in the vegetative state
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| Disinfection | the process of elimination of micro organisms u
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| Germicide | An agent that destroys all types of micro organisms in the vegetative state (also called biocide/sterilant)
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| Spore vegetative state | A structure that has a higher resistance to germicides than the vegetative state.
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| Vegetative Cell | An actively growing bacteria or fungus
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| Vegetative Cell | An actively growing bacteria or fungus
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| Sanitization | A process of complete destruction of all types of micro organisms both vegetative and spore
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| Dry Heat Methods | open flame, incineratiion, hot air oven, lyophilization, desiccation
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| Most Heat Methods | Temeratures below 100 celcius, temperatures at 100 Celcius, Temperatures above 100 celcius, The autoclave,
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| Filtration | used in labs to remove bacteria and large microoganisms
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| Irradiation | Sunlight (Ultra violet radiation) powerful destructive effect on microorganisms
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| Beta, gamma, and x-rays | are lethal to all forms of life including microorganisms.
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| Ultrasonics | Sound waves can be used for sanitization
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| Chemical methods of sterilization and Disinfection` | Phenolic, Halogens, Aldehydes, Alcohol, Surface Active agents, Peroxides, Heavy metals, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Ethylene oxide
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| Ideal Disinfectant | Phenolics: Lysol - 5% concentration of phenolics,
Halogens: iodine, chlorine, bromine`
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| Media | liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells
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| Broth | a liquid media typically in screw top tubes used for dilution techniques, rapid identification
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| Agar | is used extensively in the preparation of solid media, seawee extract, liquid when heated, solid when cold
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| Blood agar plates | Blood agar plates: Contains mammalian blood (usually sheep or horse), typically at a concentration of 5–10%. BAP are an enriche
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| Quality Assurance | refers to a program for the systematic monitoring and evaluation
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| Nutrients: | is a chemical that an organism needs to live and grow
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| Heat labile | protein is one that can be changed or destroyed at high temperatures.
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| Inspissation | is the process of thickening by dehydration. More specifically, it is the process used when heating high-protein containing media; for example to enable recovery of bacteria for testing.
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| Sterility testing | this can only be accomplished by validation of the sterilization process or of the aseptic processing procedures. The validation of the sterility test also known as Bacteriostasis and Fungistasis Test (B&F)
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| Quality testing | prepared media requires QC testing before routine culture at the lab and CLSI has identified theses media.
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| Basal Medium |
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| Enrichment Media | Permit one bacterial pathogen to grow by using specific nutrients for the growth of that pathogen. An example of enrichment media is buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
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| Differential medium | contains factors that give colonies of particular organisms distinctive and easily recognizable characteristics.
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| Selective medium | are prepared by adding dyes, antibiotics, or other chemical compounds that inhibit certain bacteria.
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| Enriched medium | Permit one bacterial pathogen to grow by using specific nutrients for the growth of that pathogen. An example of enrichment media is buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
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| Hygroscopic | substances include sugar, honey, glycerol, ethanol, methanol, sulfuric acid, methamphetamine, many salts, and a huge variety of other substance.
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| Toxicity | is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism
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| Carmelization | is a complex, poorly understood process that produces hundreds of chemical products, and includes the following types of reaction
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