Based on the book by Beasley, 2nd Edition
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is cardiac dysrhythmia? | show 🗑
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| show | Myocardial cell groups: 1. The myocardial working cells 2. The specialized pacemaker cells of the electrical conduction system
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| show | Myocardial working cells are responsible for generating the physical contraction of the heart muscle.
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| What are the functions of myocardial working cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Myocardial working cells
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| show | When the permeated contractile filaments of the myocardial working cells are electrically stimulated, a contraction is produced.
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| show | The physical contraction of myocardial tissue
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| What is required to produce the physical contraction in a heart? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the size of the atria and ventricles when the myocardial tissue contracts and blood is ejected from the chambers? | show 🗑
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| show | The specialized pacemaker cells DO NOT contain contractile filaments & DO NOT have the ability to contract.
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| What are the specialized pacemaker cells (aka specialized group) responsible for? | show 🗑
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| Where are the specialized group cells found? | show 🗑
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| What are the primary functions of the specialized myocardial pacemaker cells? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Thermal 2.Chemical 3.Electrical 4.Mechanical
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| show | True
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| show | False. Ventrical muscles contract together.
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| What does threshold refer to in heart anatomy? | show 🗑
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| show | When a stimulus is strong enough for a cardiac cell to reach the threshold, ALL the cells will respond and will contract. If no stimulus, none of the cardiac muscles will contract.
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| What is high sodium (Na) blood levels? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyponatremia
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| show | 1. Automaticity 2. Excitability (irritability) 3. Conductivity 4. Contractility (rhythmicity)
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| show | Contractility
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| show | 1.Automaticity 2.Excitability 3.Conductivity
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| What is the ability of the cardiac pacemaker cells to generate their own electrical impulses spontaneously without external (or nervous) stimulation? | show 🗑
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| show | Automaticity
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| What characteristic is specific to the pacemaker cell sites of the electrical conduction system (i.e., the SA node, AV junction, and the Purkinje network fibers)? | show 🗑
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| What is the ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus? | show 🗑
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| show | Excitability and Conductivity
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| True or False: A weaker stiumulus can cause a contraction when a cardiac cell is highly irritabile. | show 🗑
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| show | Conductivity
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| What characteristic of cardiac cells form synctium, because they function collectively as a unit? | show 🗑
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| When there is more than one unit, what is the correct term to describe synctium? | show 🗑
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| What is the ability of cardiac cells to shorten and cause cardiac muscle contraction in response to an electrical stimulus? | show 🗑
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| What is the coordination of cardiac muscle cells to produce a regular heartbeat? | show 🗑
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| What is the mechanical function of the heart? | show 🗑
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| Why are both mechanical and electrical cardiac function influenced by electrolyte imbalances? | show 🗑
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| What is an electrolyte? | show 🗑
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| What happens when electrolytes are placed in water? | show 🗑
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| show | cation (pronounced kation)
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| show | anion (pronounced aneon)
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| show | 1.Potassium (K) 2.Sodium (Na) 3.Calcium (Ca)
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| show | 4.Magnesium (Mg)
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| What are the three intracellular (inside the cell) cations? | show 🗑
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| What is the extracellular (outside the cell)cation? | show 🗑
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| How does K (Potassium) affect major cardiac function? | show 🗑
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| What is an increase in potassium blood levels? | show 🗑
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| What is a decrease in potassium blood levels? | show 🗑
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| What role does Sodium (Na) play in cardiac function? | show 🗑
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| An increase in sodium blood levels is known as: | show 🗑
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| A decrease in sodium blood levels is known as: | show 🗑
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| What role does Calcium (Ca) play in cardica muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is an increase in calcium blood levels? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypocalcemia
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| When the cardiac cells are at rest, what is happening to the Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na)ions? | show 🗑
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| show | Potassium
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| What is the sodium-potassium exchange pump? | show 🗑
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| show | Negative
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| What is recorded on the EKG strip during the resting period? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the sodium at the end of cardiac depolarization? | show 🗑
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| How does the sodium and potassium exchange occur? | show 🗑
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| show | The cardiac cell is now read to be stimulated again.
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| show | Repolarization
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| Which is faster, depolarization or repolarization? | show 🗑
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| show | The first area to be repolarized
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| True or False: Cardiac muscle tissue has a refractory period to ensure that the muscle is totally relaxed before another action potential or depolarization can be initiated. | show 🗑
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| What is the refractory period of atrial muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the refactory period of the ventricle muscle? | show 🗑
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| Which rate of contractions are potentially faster, ventricles or atria? | show 🗑
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| show | After electrical impulse stimulation and myocardial contraction
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| show | Cardiac repolarization
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| During the repolarization period, what two stages does the heart go through? | show 🗑
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| During most of the process of repolarization, the cardiac cell: (Hint: 2 responses) | show 🗑
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| show | Absolute Refractory Period
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| What is the period when repolarization is almost complete & the cardiac cell can be stimulated to contract prematurely if the stimulus to contract prematurely if the stiumulus is much stronger than normal? | show 🗑
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| What is the second part of the refractory period that follows the absolute refractory period? | show 🗑
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| show | The downslope of the T wave
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| What is another name for the relative refractory period? | show 🗑
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| Where is the absolute refractory period on the EKG strip? | show 🗑
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