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| This organism produces toxins causing mucosal cells to secrete water and electrolytes into the GI tract. | Vibrio cholerae
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| Disease from this organism produces "rice water stools." | Vibrio cholerae
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| What is the selective media for Vibrio spp.? | TCBS
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| This organism can live in brackish rivers and coastal waters. | Vibrio cholerae
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| What organism might one get while eating raw shellfish, especially from the Gulf of Mexico? | Vibrio cholerae
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| This organism is responsible for 95% of all seafood related deaths in the United States. | Vibrio vulnificus
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| This organism occurs naturally in oysters. | Vibrio vulnificus
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| Septicemias of this organism carries a fatality rate of 50% in males over 40 with liver or blood disorders or immunocomprimised. | Vibrio vulnificus
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| This organism causes severe wound infections after trauma in a marine environment. | Vibrio vulnificus
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| A characteristic of this organism is purple colonies on MacConkey. | Acinetobacter
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| This is the only organism in this unit referred to as a "Super Bug" | Acinetobacter
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| Patients with this organism may require isolation and contact precautions. | Acinetobacter
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| This organism is a common colonizer of hospitalized patients. Nosocomial infections include UTI, URI, UG tact and can cause bacteremia. | Acinetobacter
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| This organism produces Chancroid venereal disease. | Haemophilus ducreyi
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| This organism is sometimes called Ducrey's bacillus. | Haemophilus ducreyi
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| This organism requires X factor only. | Haemophilus ducreyi
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| What is X factor? | Hemin
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| What is V factor? | NAD
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| What is Max Factor? | Cosmetic
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| This organism morphology is coccobacilli or slender rods resembling a "school of fish" | Haemophilus ducreyi
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| This organism causes highly fatal meningitis in young children. Vaccine is available. | Haemophilus influenzae (type b)
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| Infections from this organism is low in the United States but can occur in unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children. | Haemophilus infuenzae (type b)
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| The survivors of infection from this organism can suffer mental retardation, deafness, and speech impediments. | Haemopilus influenzae
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| Along with meningitis this organism can also cause pneumonia. | Haemophilus inlfuenzea
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| This organism cause a long list of illnesses such as Pharyngitis (with much pain in swallowing), Epiglotisis, Laryngotraheobronchits, Cellulitis with bacteremia and septic arthritis. | Haemophilus influenzea
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| This organism reaquires X and V factors. | Haemophilus influenzae
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| This organism produces suppurative (pus) inflammation , usually with organism enmeshed in fibrin and many neutrophils; high fever and malaise. | Haemophilus influenzae
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| This organism is sometimes called Pfeiffer's bacillus. | Haemophilus influenzae
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| Types a-f of this organism are classified on the basis of LPS capsules with slide agglutination, coaggluthination, or immunoflurescent microscopy. | Haemophilus influenzae
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| What type of blood agar in needed to view hemolysis of Haemophilis influenzae? | Rabbit or horse blood agar
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| These organisms do not like to dry out. | Haemophilus influenzae and Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism likes 5 to 10% CO2 (candle jar or incubator) at 35-37°C for 24-72 hours. | Haemophilus influenzae
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| This organism needs a selective media supplemented with vancomycin at 33°C for up to 7 days with high humidity. | Haemophilus ducreyi
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| What organisms can be used for satelliting test to provide the V factor for Haemophilis infuenzae growth? | S. aureus or Entrococcus
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| What are some of the biochemical methods used to identify Haemophilis spp. | Lactose and Mannose fermetation and commercial kits.
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| This organism has a vaccine available (for small children). | Haemophilus spp.
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| Untreated infections with this organism last the lifetime of the host. | Helicobacter pylori
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| Carriers of this organism may be at increased risk of developing gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma. | Helicobacter pylori
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| This organism colonizes human gastric mucosa. | Helicobacter pylori
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| This organism is a curved microaerophilic gram-negative rod. It is oxidase-pos, Catalse-pos, urease-pos. | Helicobacter pylori
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| Collection of this organism is by tissue biopsy. | Helicobacter pylori
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| Selective media for this organism is similar to Campylobacter but cultivation is at 35-37C and slower growth, 4-7 days. | Helicobacter pylori
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| What direct detection methods can be used for Helicobacter pylori? | Urease breath test, urease kit, EIA, and monoclonal ab.
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| What organism's treatment requires "triple therapy" of antibiotics, acid suppressors, and stomach protectors? | Helicobacter pylori
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| This organism inhabits the GI tract of poultry, pigs, cats, and sheep. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism causes diarrhea, which may be water or sticky (gotta hate that) and can contain blood (usually occult) and fecal leukocytes. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| Infection with this organism may cause fever, abdominal pain, nausia, headache and muscle pain. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| The illness from this organism usually occurs 2-5 days after ingestion of contaminated food or water, illness generally lasts 7-10 days. Relapses in 25% of cases. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| Most infections with this organism are self limiting and are not treated with antibiotics. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| Extraintestinal infections (meningitis and arthritis) may occur in immunocompromised hosts. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| The illnesses with this organism occur more frequently in the summer. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism is more frequently isolated from infants and young adults. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| To avoid contracting this organism avoid consuming unpasteurized milk and untreated surface water. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| Rarely, some people may acquire arthritis following an illness with this organism. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| Illness with this organism can lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| What are the selective media for Campylobacter jejuni? | Modified Skirrow, Campy-Blood agar, and Campy-CVA.
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| Molecular assays may be useful in direct detection or this organism from diarrhea samples (the sticky ones). | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism grows best at the temperature of a bird. | Campylocbacter jejuni
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| Freezing raw meat can reduce the quantity of this organism. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism is microaerophilic. It likes 2-10% CO2 and 3-5% O2 at 42°C and incubation is 72 hours. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism is a gram-negative curved bacilli (spirals or "seagulls"). | Campylobacter jejnuni
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| Selective media of this organism should be examined for suspicious colonies- grayish, slightly mucoid, tailing effect along the steakline. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism is oxidase-positive, catalase positive and susceptable to naladixic acid. | Campylobacter jejuni
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| This organism causes infection similar to cat-scratch fever. | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism is an ovoid gram-negative rod and has bipolar staining (pleomorphic). | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism grows on BAP and Choc in CO2 but no growth on Mac. | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism is oxidase, catalase, indole, nitrate,and ONPG positive and non-motile. | Pasteurella multocida
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| The reservoir of this organism is the mouth, respiratory and GI tract of wild and domestic animals. (Dog and Cats common) | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism is common in cat and dogs bite infections, which are usually nasty and slow healing. | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism produces chronic bronchiectasis in farmers and ranchers. | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism is sensitive to the penicillins. | Pasteurella multocida
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| This organism causes Legionnaire's disease. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism occurs ubiquitouly in soils and particularly non-marine aqueous environments. | Legionella pneumohilia
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| This organism has been found in pristine waters and in tropical rain forests. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism likes to hang out in air conditioning cooling towers, whirlpools, and potable water systems. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| Apart from carriers this organism is not a part of normal flora of humans or animals. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism is Gram-negative (very faint, not usually seen on gram stain). | Legionella pneumphilia
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| Selective media for this organism is BCYE with and without antibiotics at 35C. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| At 5 days this organism shows small grey glistening convex colonies with a "cut glass" appearance. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism can be detected by serology due to increase antibody levels. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism can produce Pneumonia (Legionaire's), Pontiac fever (respiratory infection, wound abscesses, encephalitis, or endocarditis. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| Immunocompromised, >60yrs old, smokers are most susceptible to this organism. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism is able to avoid destruction by the host's phagocytic cells. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| This organism is an intracellular pathogen. | Legionella pneumophilia
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| What organism has a lengthy list of factors required for intracellular infections? | Legionella pneumophilia
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| What organism causes whooping cough? | Bordetella pertussis
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| What is the required media for Bordetella pertussis to grow? | Bordet-Gengou and enriched potato-extract medium.
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| Virulent strains of this organism have adhesins that attach to cilia and paralyze with tracheal cytotoxin. | Bordetella pertussis
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| This organism spreads via droplets from respiratory tract and are highly contagious to non-immunized persons. | Bordetella pertussis
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| Adults infected from this organism are frequently misdiagnosed as bronchitis. | Bordetella pertussis
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| Bordetella pertussis specimens need to be transported in a special transport media. Name that transport media. | Regan-Lowe
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| Collection of this organism is done by nasopharyngeal swabs (Dacron or wire)bent in nose and held in place until a cough is initated. | Bordetella pertussis
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| Infections with this organism causes a rise in lymphocytes with few neutrophils. | Bordetella pertussis
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| Is there a vaccine for Bordetella pertussis? | Yes, DTP, DTPH, and DTaP
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| How many stages are there in whooping cough disease? | Three
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| Describe stage 1 of whooping cough. | Catarrhal stage, mild cough and cold-like symptoms for several weeks, but does not resolve; rising lymphocytosis (few neutrophils); hyperplasia of peribronchial and tracheobronchial lymphoid tissue- infectious stage.
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| Describe stage 2 of whooping cough. | Paroxysmal stage, severe repetitive coughing spells with whooping cough for 1-6 weeks; vomiting and necrosis of bronchial epithelium; much discomfort but no fever !! Organism begins to loose capsules and disease begins to resolve
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| Describe stage 3 of whooping cough. | Convalescent stage; non-infectious
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| This organism is isolated from human bite wounds. | Eikenella corrodens
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| This organism is a Gram-negative rod, facultative anaerobe, oxidase-pos, catalse-neg, urea-neg, indole-neg. will grow on BAP or Choc in CO2, >or= 48 hrs, NG on MAC. | Eikenella corrodens
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| This organism may have a distinct bleach odor. | Eikenella corrodens
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| This organism will usually produce pitting of the agar. | Eikenella corrodens
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| This organism is related to the infection you might get from punching someone in the mouth. | Eikenalla corrodens
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| This organism is a putative periodontal pathogen. | Eikenella corrodens
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| This organism inhabits the mucous membranes of humans most commonly the mouth and GI tract. | Eikenella corrodens
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| This organism is usually found with other bacterial infections, commonly streptococci pneumonias. | Eikenella corrodens
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| Along with clenched fist infections this organism can also cause SBE (subacute endocarditis). | Eikenella corodens
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| Can Eikenella corrodens be treated with antibiotics such as penicillins and quinolones? | Yes
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| This organism causes rabbit fever. | Fransicella tularensis
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| What is another name for rabbit fever? | Tularemia
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| This organism mimic a variety of other diseases including brucellosis, typhoid fever, and others. | Fransicella tularensis
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| This organism's illness may be incapacitating for 6 months or longer with a high mortality rate if untreated. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| There is no human-to-human transmission of this organism, only animals to humans, often from bites. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| Reservoirs and vector of this organism are: rabbits, skunks, rodents, beavers, sheep, household pets, and the ticks and deer flies they harbor. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| The primary mode of acquisition of this organism is abrasion in skin, arthropod bites or aerosol inhalation. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| This organism can penetrate unbroken skin and mucous membranes. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| This organism can be acquired by handling carcasses, taxidermy, etc. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| What are the different forms of tularemia? | Ulceroglandular, Glandular, Oculoglandular, Typphoidal, and Pneumonic. Affecting skin, lymphnodes, eyes, lungs, ans GI tract.
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| An enlarged spleen is commonly associated with infections with this organism. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| This organism is rarely isolated form blood, but may be recovered from lesions, lymph nodes, sputum, or gastric washings. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| This organism is considered Biosafety level 3 organism and is usually ID'd at state of reference labs. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| This organism may be used as a biological threat agent. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| This organism can be ID'd with PCR, direct fluorescent antibody stain or direct agglutination tests. Rarely isolated in cultures. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| Vaccines are available for this organism but are dangerous and are typically used in the military and for at risk laboratorians. | Fransicella turlarensis
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| What is the gram stain morphology for Fransicella turlarensis? | Small Gram-negative coccobacillus. Very fastidious poorly staining, slow grower.
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| What is the gram stain morphology for Bordetella pertussis? | Encapsulated, Gram-negative aerobic coccobacillus.
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| What is is the gram stain morphology for Haemophilus influenzae? | Gram-negative coccobacilli or small Gram-negative rods.
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| What is the gram stain morphology for Acinetobacter? | Gram-negative coccobacilli
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| What is the gram stain morphology for Vibrio? | Gram-negative, straight or slightly curved rods.
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| How is Acinetobacter identified? | It is oxidase-negative and can be identified using API20E
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| Is Vibrio spp. reportable to the health department? | Yes
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| Is Campylobacter jejuni a reportable organism in Virginia? | Yes
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| This organism has an acquired resistance to multiple antimicrobials. | Acinetobacter
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| The CLO test requires a tissue biopsy specimen and test for urease. What color reveals a positive test? | Pink. Yellow is negative.
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| What makes the CLO test so useful? | It is inexpensive and quick
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| What is the ALA disk test used for? | This test provides a rapid and accurate means of detecting X-independant Haemophilus strains. After incubation, exposure to long wave UV light will cause an orange-red fluorescence to appear.
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