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Biology SOL Review

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Questions
Answers
What is a hypothesis?   show
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What is a theory?   show
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show Cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells and that cells come from other cells by the process of cell reproduction  
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What was the impact of the development and refinement of magnifying lenses and light microscopes have on cell theory?   show
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With advances in microscopy what can be observed at the cellular level?   show
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show Natural selection is a process by which organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than organisms less suited to that environment.  
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What did Pasteur and Koch conduct experimentation on?   show
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show The understanding that many diseases are caused by microorganisms  
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show Modern health practices emphasize sanitation, the safe handling of food and water, aseptic techniques to keep germs out of the body, and the development of vaccinations and other chemicals and processes to destroy microorganisms  
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show Interpretations of X-ray photographs of DNA were used to describe the shape and dimensions of the molecule  
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show The double helix model explained how heredity information is transmitted and provided the basis for an explosion of scientific research in molecular genetics  
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What is 2/3's of a mass of a cell made up of?   show
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show A water solution  
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Why do lakes and oceans stabilize land and air temperatures?   show
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show Water molecules are both cohesive and adhesive due to the nature of bonding (polar covalent and hydrogen bonding).  
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show Water absorbs heat when it evaporates, allowing organisms to release excess heat  
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What helps prevent lakes and oceans from freezing solid?   show
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show Water is able to dissolve many substances.  
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show 0 to 14  
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show 7  
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show Acidic  
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What is a solution above 7 on the pH scale considered to be?   show
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show Because every cell has a particular pH at which it functions best  
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What are the main components of a living cell?   show
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What type of molecules found in cells, carry out most of the cell's work?   show
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show The chemical reactions that occur inside cells are directly controlled by a large set of protein molecules called enzymes, whose functions depend on their specific shapes  
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show The primary functions of carbohydrate macromolecules are to provide and store energy  
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What is the primary function of lipid macromolecules?   show
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show Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) control cell activities by directing protein synthesis.  
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What are the jobs of proteins?   show
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show Proteins are polymers made by linking together amino acid monomers.  
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show In living cells, enzymes control the rate of metabolic reaction by acting as catalysts.  
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What is the impact of temperature and pH on cell function?   show
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How do plant cells and many microrganisms use solar energy?   show
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What process allows plant cells to use solar energy?   show
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What occurs in plant cells during photosynthesis?   show
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show Eukaryotic cells “burn” organic molecules with oxygen, which produces energy, carbon dioxide, and water.  
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What process inolves energy conversion in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in specialized cells?   show
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show In the form of ATP  
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What occurs when cells need energy to do work?   show
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show The cell theory because it emphasizes the similiarity of all living things.  
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What are the simplest life forms exhibiting cellular structure?   show
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show Prokaryotes  
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What are the 2 major forms of prokaryotic cells?   show
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What is the Earth's most abundant inhabitants?   show
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What are eukaryotes?   show
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show Several differences include size, genetic material surrounded by a nuclear membrane, and the addition of mitochondria and chloroplasts.  
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show The differences include the presence of a cell wall that gives the plant cell a defined shape, the presence of chloroplast, and the number of vacuoles  
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show Cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things.  
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show Molecular, cellular, organism, population, community, and ecosystem  
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show Chemical reactions that facilitate acquiring energy, reproduction, and adaptation/maintaining homeostasis.  
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How is homeostatsis of a cell maintained?   show
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show The site of protein synthesis.  
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What is the function of the nucleus?   show
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show The site of cell respiration.  
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What is the function of chloroplast?   show
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show It transports materials through the cell.  
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show The site where cell products are packaged for export.  
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What is the function of lysosome?   show
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show Controls what enters and leaves the cell.  
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What is the function of the cell wall?   show
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How do single cell and multi cell organisms differ?   show
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show During the development of multi-cell organisms.  
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show The arrangement and function of a bilayer of phospholipids, transport proteins, and cholesterol.  
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Describe diffusion in cells?   show
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What is osmosis?   show
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What is active transport?   show
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What is responsible for the "rough" appearance of endoplasmic reticulum?   show
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The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. What is the energy-transferring molecule used by cells?   show
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show Prophase  
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Escherichia coli is the scientific name of a bacterium. What category of classification is Escherichia?   show
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Tissue samples taken from the stomach and heart of a grasshopper would have the same DNA or metabolic rates?   show
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Why may unrelated or distantly related species come to resemble each other over many generations?   show
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Why are lipids and carbohydrates important in animal cells?   show
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Why are algae and multicellular plants autotrophs?   show
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show Flagella  
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show Golgi bodies  
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show A community  
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Which biochemical substance in the human body is NOT maintained at about a neutral pH?   show
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When there is a lower concentration of water outside a plant cell rather than inside a plant cell, what will tend to happen?   show
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Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which cellular organelles would this process occur?   show
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show The action of enzymes  
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What carriers coded information from the nucleus of the cell?   show
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Why are the chances of developing cancer, sickle-cell anemia, or diabetes higher if a family member also has the disorder?   show
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show They lack chlorophyll.  
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show Hypothesis  
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show Formulate a hypothesis.  
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What is any factor that influences the results of an experiment?   show
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show Density  
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show Field study  
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If an organism is observed at 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification with the eyepiece factored in?   show
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What instrument separates molecules by size, shape and electrical charge?   show
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show Independent Variable  
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If an experiment can be conducted multiple times, achieving the same results, what can be said about the experiment?   show
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What instruments can study the surfaces of organisms?   show
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If a mixture of gas and liquid is collected, and the scientist would like to separate the two, what instrument would he most likely use?   show
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What German botanist first saw cell structure in plants?   show
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Which zoologist found that animals were made of cells?   show
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Who saw that animal cells only came from animal cells and plant cells only came from plant cells?   show
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show Hooke  
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show Anton von Leeuwenhoek  
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What is the term for a virus or organism that causes infectious disease?   show
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show Pasteur  
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show Vector  
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What is a protein that interferes with the replication of viruses?   show
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What is a protein produced in an effort to fight a certain pathogen?   show
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show Antibody  
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Who are the two men largely responsible in developing the DNA model?   show
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show Double helix  
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show DNA is a double helix, while RNA is a single strand.  
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show Rosalind Franklin  
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show Regulatory  
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What is the sugar found in DNA?   show
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Polymers are broken down into monomers by adding water molecules. This process is known as?   show
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show Cellular respiration  
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show Act as a biological catalyst  
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