The west vocabulary
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| frontier | unsettled or sparsely settled area of the country occupied mostly by the native americans
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| great plains | the area from the missouri river to the rocky mountains
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| comstock lode | location of the mine of valuable minerals next to virginia city, nevada
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| ghost town | a once thriving community in which the population has left
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| vigilantes | people that took the law into their own hands due to the lack of law enforcement
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| exodusters | freed slaves that fled the south after the reconstruction and settled in the west
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| wyoming | the first state to give a women the right to vote
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| transcontinental railroad | a railroad that would span the continental connected the east with the west
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| union pacific | railroad company that began in omaha and build track going west on the great plains
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| central pacific | railroad company that started in california and went east, blasting through the sierra nevada mountains
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| golden spike | event in which the union pacific and central pacific met in promontory summit, utah in 1869; completed the first transcontinental railroad
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| long drive | a 2-3 month trip in which cowboys led the cattle to the cow towns along the railroad
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| open range | unfenced land on the great plains in which cattle were allowed to graze
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| vaquero | the first cowboys that came from mexico and settled in the southwest
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| cowhand | cowboys that took the cattle from texas to the railroads on the great plains
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| sitting bull | sioux chief and medicine man that led native forces at the battle of little bighorn
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| crazy horse | sioux chief and warrior that fought at the battle of little bighorn and was known for his bravery
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| geronimo | apache chief that fought mexican and US forces in the southwest, surrendered to the us gov't in 1887
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| chief joseph | chief of nez perce tribe; led them in daring escape to canada fighting off the us army
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| reservation | an area of land set aside for native americans to live on
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| battle of little bighorn | battle in which the US 7th cavalry was massacred by sioux, cheyenne, and arapaho warriors
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| george custer | leader of the us 7th cavalry known for fighting native americans; was defeated and killed at the battle of little bighorn
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| wounded knee | event in which a group of US soldiers massacred a camp of 300 sioux men, women, and children in 1890; marked the end of all armed resistance in the west
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| dawes act | US law that forced the natives to assimilate by making them farmers and sending native children to boarding schools in the east
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| buffalo soliders | regiment of african american cavalry that gained fame by fighting native americans in the west
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| barbed wire | invented by joseph glidden; it was cheap and allowed homesteaders to fence in their property; helped to close the open range to cattle grazing
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| homestead act | federal law passed in 1862 to encourage americans and immigrants to settle the west; gave free land to anyone that would live on it for 5 years
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| sodbusters | farmers that lived on the great plains; built their homes out of sod, which is the top layer of prairie soil thickly packed with grass roots
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| windmills | technology that helped homesteaders adapt to the great plains; pumped water from the ground
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| boomtown | a town that has a sudden burst of economic or population growth
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