human movement science
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| is a movement away from the midline of the body or, similar to extension, | Abduction
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| is a movement away from the midline of the body or, similar to extension, | Abduction
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| an increase in the angle between two adjoining segments only in the frontal plane. | Abduction
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| is a movement of the segment toward the midline of the body or, like flexion, | Adduction
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| a decrease in the angle between two adjoining segments only in the frontal plane. | Adduction
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| is the bending of the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) from side to side, or simply side-bending. | lateral flexion
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| relate specifically to the movement of the calcaneus and tarsals in the frontal plane | Eversion and inversion
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| Examples of frontal plane movements | include side lateral raises, side lunges, and side shuffling.
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| frontal plane motion occurs around what axis | anterior-posterior axis.
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| bisects the body to create upper and lower halves. | transverse plane
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| motion occurs around a longitudinal or a vertical axis. | Transverse plane
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| Movements in the transverse plane include | internal rotation and external rotation for the limbs, right and left rotation for the head and trunk, and radio- ulnar pronation and supination.
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| The transverse plane motion of the foot is termed abduction | (toes pointing outward, externally rotated)
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| (toes pointing inward, internally rotated) | adduction of the foot
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| Examples of transverse plane movements include | cable rotations, turning lunges, throwing a ball, golfing, and swinging a bat.
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| When the patella is turned outward (femoral external rotation ), total kinetic chain | supination occurs.
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| a multiplanar, synchronized joint motion that occurs with eccentric muscle function. | pronation
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| is a multiplanar, synchronized joint motion that occurs with concentric muscle function. | supination
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| During the initial contact phase of gait, the subtalar joint | pronates, creating obligatory internal rotation of the tibia, femur, and pelvis.
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| At midstance, the subtalar joint | supinates, leading to obligatory external rotation of the tibia, femur, and pelvis.
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| Developing tension while a muscle is lengthening; when resistive force overcomes developed tension | Eccentric
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| Developing tension while a muscle is shortening; when developed tension overcomes resistive force | Concentric
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| When the contractile force is equal to the resistive force | Isometric
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| interaction between two entities or bodies that result in either the acceleration or deceleration of an object. | force
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| refers to the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length. | Length-tension relationship
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| where the actin and myosin filaments in the sarcomere have the greatest degree of overlap. | optimal muscle length
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| The thick myosin filament is able to make the maximal amount of connections with active sites on the thin actin filament leading to | maximal tension development of that muscle.
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| When the muscle is stimulated at lengths greater than or less than this optimal length, the resulting tension is less because | there are fewer interactions of the myosin-cross bridges and actin active sites.
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| If muscle length is altered as a result of misalignment (i.e., poor posture, repetitive movements), then tension development will be | reduced and the muscle will be unable to generate proper force for efficient movement.
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| This synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint is known as a | force-couple.
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| Muscles in a force-couple provide what to the bone or bones to which they attach. | divergent tension
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| optimal length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships and joint arthrokinematics produce ideal | sensorimotor integration and ultimately proper and efficient movement.
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| The local musculature system consists of muscles that are | that are predominantly involved in joint support or stabilization
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| Joint support systems consist of muscles that | provide stability to allow movement of a joint.
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| Joint support systems are usually located | close to the joint, with a broad array of attachments to the joint’s passive elements that make them ideal for increasing joint stiffness and stability.
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| rotator cuff provides dynamic stabilization for the | humeral head in relation to the glenoid fossa.
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| this system is responsible predominantly for LPHC stabilization and eccentric deceleration and consists of more superficial musculature that originates from the pelvis to the rib cage, the lower extremities or both. | The global stabilization sy
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| The global stabilization system muscles are | rectus abdominis, external obliques, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, psoas, and adductors.
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| The global stabilization system muscles are predominantly larger and | associated with movement of the trunk and limbs that equalizes external loads placed upon the body (global stabilization).
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| The global movement system is predominantly responsible for | concentric force production (acceleration).
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| primary muscles that make up the movement system include | gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps,gluteus maximus, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major.
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| The major soft-tissue contributors to the DLS Deep Longitudinal Subsystem (DLS) | erector spinae, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberousligament biceps femoris, and peroneus longus.
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| Deep Longitudinal Subsystem (DLS) provides a | longitudinal means of reciprocal force transmission from the trunk to the ground.
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| during normal gait. Prior to heel strike, the biceps femoris | activates eccentrically to decelerate hip flexion and knee extension.
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| the weakening of the gluteus maximus, the latissimus dorsi, or both, can lead to increased | tension in the hamstring (the hamstring, a synergist o gluteus maximus, would become overworked)and could lead to recurring hamstring
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| The anterior oblique subsystem in that it also functions in | a transverse plane orientation, mostly in the anterior portion of the body.
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| prime contributors of the The anterior oblique subsystem | nternal and external oblique muscles, the adductor complex, and hip external rotators.
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| The lateral subsystemis comprised of what muscles | gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae/iliotibial band complex, adductor complex, and the quadratus lumborum,
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| the lateral subsystem participate in what plane and provide stability to what | in frontal plane (17) and pelvo-femoral stability.
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| the ability of the central nervous system to gather and interpret sensory information to execute the proper motor response. | Sensorimotor integration
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| the integration of these motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements. | Motor learning
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| 02 | mk
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