nasm ces 2

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Question

Answer

what four muscles make up the quadriceps?

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastas lateralis, vastas medialis

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what does the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastas lateralis, vastas medialis make up

quadriceps

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biceps femoris, semimbranosous, semiteninous make up the

hamstrings

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what muscles make up the hamstring

biceps femoris, semimbranosous, semiteninous

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eccentrically decelerates knee extension, hip flexion, and external rotation of the lower leg

medial hamstrings

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medial hamstrings

eccentrically decelerates knee extension, hip flexion, and external rotation of the lower leg

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eccentrically decelerates femoral (hip) adduction, internal rotation, and flexion

gluteus medius (posterior fibers) and gluteus maximus

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gluteus medius (posterior fibers) and gluteus maximus eccentrically

declerates femoral (hip) adduction, internal rotation, and flexion

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vastus medialis oblique eccentrically

decelerates knee flexion

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates knee flexion

vastus medialis oblique eccentrically

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what muscles isometrically stabilizes the LPHC and knee

medial hamstrings, gluteus medius (posterior fibers) and gluteus meximus

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medial hamstrings, gluteus medius (posterior fibers) and gluteus sometrically stabilizes

LPHC and knee

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The semimembranosus and the semitendinous are the

medial hamstrings

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medial hamstrings are what muscles

The semimembranosus and the semitendinous

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates dorsiflexion and knee extension

gastrocenemius

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gastrocenemius eccentrically

decelerates dorsiflexion and knee extension

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soleus eccentrically

decelerates ankle dorsiflexion, internal rotation of lower leg and eversion of subtalar joint, and knee flexion

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates ankle dorsiflexion, internal rotation of lower leg and eversion of subtalar joint, and knee flexion

soleus

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the hip flexor complex eccentrically

decelerates hip extension and posterior tilt of pelvis

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates hip extension and posterior tilt of pelvis

the hip flexor complex

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates femoral/hip internal rotation, adduction, and flexion

piriformis

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piriformis eccentrically

decelerates femoral/hip internal rotation, adduction, and flexion

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anterior tibialis eccentrically

decelerates ankle planterflexion and eversion

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what muscled eccentrically decelerates ankle planterflexion and eversion

anterior tibialis

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gluteus maximus eccentrically

decelerates femoral (hip) adduction, internal rotation, and flexion, and anterior tilt of pelvis

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates femoral (hip) adduction, internal rotation, and flexion, and anterior tilt of pelvis

gluteus maximus

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates spinal flexion and posterior tilt of pelvis

erector spinae

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erector spinae eccentrically

decelerates spinal flexion and posterior tilt of pelvis

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the hand is supinated when the palm is

face up

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when the palm is face up the hand is said to be

supinated

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the hand is pronated when the palm is

face down

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if the hand is face down it is said to be

pronated

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shoulders are retracted when they are

back

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shoulders are protracted when they are

forward

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bones of the shoulder region area

humerous, scapula, clavicle

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humerous, scapula, clavicle bones make up the

shoulder area

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bones of the LPHC are

femur, pelvis, sacrum, and lumber spine

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the femur, pelvis, sacrum, and lumber spine make up the

LPHC complex

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the tibia, femur, patella, and fibula make up the

knee

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the knee is made up of what bones

tibia, femur, patella, and fibula make up the

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latissimus dorsi eccentrically

decelerates humeral flexion, abduction, external rotation, and posterior tilt of the pelvis

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what eccentrically decelerates humeral flexion, abduction, external rotation, and posterior tilt of the pelvis

latissimus dorsi

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pectoralis major eccentrically

decelerates humeral horizontal abduction, external rotation, and extension

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eccentrically decelerates humeral horizontal abduction, external rotation, and extension

pectoralis major

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pectoralis minor eccentrically

decelerates scapular retraction and elevation

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what muscle eccentrically decelerates scapular retraction and elevation

pectoralis minor

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coracobrachialis eccentrically

decelerates humeral abduction and extension

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a deep muscle located in the upper arms beneath the triceps brachii muscles

coracobrachialis

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action of the corarocobrachialis in layman terms is to

draw arm forward and inwards

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probable over active for the impingement test

teres major, latissimus dorsi, posterior capsule, pectoralis major/minor, levator scapulae, scalenes

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probale under active muscles for the impingement test

rhomids, middle/lower trapezius, rotator cuff, serratus anterior

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pain in the posterior portion of the shoulder may indicate

posterior capsule disfunction

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pain in the anterior of the shoulder during the impingement test may indicate

impingement syndrome (greater tubercle impinging on the acromion process)

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pain at the top of the shoulder may indicate (the acrominoclavicular joint) may indicate

AC joint dysfunction

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compensation for the horizontal abduction test elbows consistently flex means

over active biceps brachii (long head), underactive triceps brachii (long head and rotator cuff

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compensation for the horizontal abduction test elbows consistently flex which muscles are over active

biceps brachii

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compensation for the horizontal abduction test elbows consistently flex which muscles are under active

underactive triceps brachii (long head and rotator cuff

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compensation for the horizontal abduction test shoulder protracts (humeral head moves forward and down) probable over active muscles

pectoralis major/minor

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protracts (humeral head moves forward and down) probable probable problem in what capsule

hypomobile posterior capsule

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protracts (humeral head moves forward and down) probable under active muscles

rotator cuff, rhomboids and middle/lower trapezius

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compensation for the rotation test: hands far from the wall probable over active muscles

teres minor and infraspinatus

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compensation for the rotation test: hands far from the wall probable under active muscles

subscapularis, and teres major

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compensation for the rotation test: hands far from the wall probable capsule problem

hypomobile posterior capsule

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compensation for the rotation test: shoulder protracts (humeral head moves forward and upward) probable capsule problem

hypomobile posterior capsule

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compensation for the rotation test: shoulder protracts (humeral head moves forward and upward) probable underactive muscles

rotator cuff, rhombois, and mieddle/lowe trapezius

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compensation for the rotation test: shoulders elevate probable over active muscles

trapezius and levator scapule

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compensation for the rotation test: shoulders elevate probable over under muscles

rotator cuff, rhombois, and mieddle/lowe trapezius

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compensation for the rotation test: mid and/or low back arches off the wall what is the meaning

underactive rotator cuff, rhombiods, and middle/lower trapezius

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compensation for the rotation test: hands far from wall what muscles are over active

subscapularis, pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi

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compensation for the rotation test: hands far from wall what muscles are under active

teres minor, infraspinatus

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compensation for the rotation test: mid and/or low back arches off the wall meaning

underatcive rotator cuff, rhomboids, and mid/lw trapezius

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compensations for the standing shoulder flexion test: elbows compensation for the standing shoulder flexion test: consistently flex and abduct (bow out) probable under active muscles

triceps brachii (long head) and rotator cuff

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compensation for the standing shoulder flexion test: consistently flex and abduct (bow out) probable over active muscles

biceps brachii (long head), latissimus dorsi, teres major, and pectoralis major

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compensation for the standing shoulder flexion test: shoulders elevate probable over active muscles

upper trapezius and levator scapulae

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compensation for the standing shoulder flexion test: shoulders elevate probable under active muscles

rotator cuff, rhombois, and midl/lower trapezuis

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compensation for the standing shoulder flexion test: mid and/or low back arches off the wall probable under active muscles

rotator cuff, rhombois, and midl/lower trapezuis

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compensation for the standing shoulder flexion test: mid and/or low back arches off the wall probable over active muscles

erector spinae, latissimus dorsi

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the fixed attachment point of one end of the muscle that does not move during a muscle contraction (usually a bone)

orgin

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point at which a muscle attaches to the skin, a bone, or another muscle. The insertion attaches to the structure that will be moved by the contraction of the muscle. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone.

insertion

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The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the thoracic region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis.

The psoas major

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a long, slender skeletal muscle which, when present, is located in front of the psoas major muscle. This muscle does not exist in about half the population.

The psoas minor

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is a flat, triangular muscle which fills the iliac fossa.

The iliacus

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is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks.

The gluteus maximus (or glutæus maximus)

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is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis.

The gluteus medius (or glutæus medius), one of the three gluteal muscles,

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is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius.

The gluteus minimus (or glutæus minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles,

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insertion

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The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the thoracic region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis.

The psoas major

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a long, slender skeletal muscle which, when present, is located in front of the psoas major muscle. This muscle does not exist in about half the population.

The psoas minor

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is a flat, triangular muscle which fills the iliac fossa.

The iliacus

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is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks.

The gluteus maximus (or glutæus maximus)

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is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis.

The gluteus medius (or glutæus medius), one of the three gluteal muscles,

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is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius.

The gluteus minimus (or glutæus minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles,

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Adducts and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports transverse arch

ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS

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it becomes a dorsiflexor

If an extensor is found in the wrist or ankle joints,

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Adducts and medially rotates hip

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

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Adductor portion: adducts and medially rotates hip. Hamstring portion: extends hip

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

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Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder

BICEPS BRACHII

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Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip

BICEPS FEMORIS

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Flexes elbow

BRACHIALIS

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Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position

BRACHIORADIALIS

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ADDUCTOR BREVIS

Adducts hip

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Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate

DELTOID

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lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle

DELTOID

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Lateral flexion of spine

ERECTOR SPINAE-SPINALIS

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Extends and lateral flexes spine

ERECTOR SPINAE-ILIOCOSTALIS

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Lateral flexion of spine

ERECTOR SPINAE-SPINALIS

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Extends spine

ERECTOR SPINAE-LONGISSIMUS

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Extends and abducts hand at wrist

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

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Extends and abducts hand at wrist

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

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xtends and adducts hand at wrist

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

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Extends all joints of little finger

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI

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Extends all joints of fingers

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

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Extends toes when foot fully dorsiflexed

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

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Extends toes and extends foot at ankle

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

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Lateral flexion of spine

ERECTOR SPINAE-SPINALIS

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Extends great toe

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS BREVIS

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Extends big toe and foot. Inverts foot and tightens subtalar joints

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

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Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS

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Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure and, with muscles of opposite side, abducts and rotates trunk

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE

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Flexes and abducts wrist

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

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Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

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Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe

FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS

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Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports medial longitudinal arch

FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS

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Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee

GASTROCNEMIUS

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laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

GEMELLUS INFERIOR

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laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR

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Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial tract

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

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ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines INSERTION Posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur ACTION Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

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Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking.

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

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Adducts hip. Flexes knee and medially rotates flexed knee

GRACILIS

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Flexes medially rotates hip

ILIACUS

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Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

INFRASPINATUS

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Fix intercostal spaces during respiration. Aids forced inspiration by elevating ribs

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

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ORIGIN Internal aspect of ribs above and below INSERTION Internal aspect of ribs above and below ACTION Fix intercostal spaces during respiration

INNERMOST INTERCOSTALS

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Extension of spine

INTERSPINALIS

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Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration

LATISSIMUS DORSI

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Raises medial border of scapula

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

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Extend toes at interphalangeal joints and flex metatarsal phalangeal joints

LUMBRICALS

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laterally rotates hip

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

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Flexes, adducts and medially rotates hip

PECTINEUS

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Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration

PECTORALIS MAJOR

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Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)

PECTORALIS MINOR

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Plantar* flexes and everts foot . Supports lateral longitudinal arch

PERONEUS BREVIS

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Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches

PERONEUS LONGUS

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Extends and everts foot

PERONEUS TERTIUS

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laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

PIRIFORMIS

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Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

PLANTARIS

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Flexes, adducts and medially rotates hip

PECTINEUS

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lavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration

PECTORALIS MAJOR

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Unlocks extended knee by lateral rotation of femur on tibia. Pulls back lateral meniscus

POPLITEUS

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Pronates forearm and maintains ulna and radius opposed

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

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Pronates forearm and flexes elbow

PRONATOR TERES

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Flexes and laterally rotates hip

PSOAS MAJOR

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Weak flexor of trunk

PSOAS MINOR

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Reinforces lower rectus sheath

PYRAMIDALIS

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laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

QUADRATUS FEMORIS

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Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip

RECTUS FEMORIS

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Retracts scapula. Rotates scapula to rest position

RHOMBOID MAJOR

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Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest position

RHOMBOID MINOR

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Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip. Flexes, medially rotates leg at knee

SARTORIUS

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Accessory to inspiration. lateral flexion of neck when 1st rib fixed

SCALENUS

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Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

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Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip

SEMITENDINOSUS

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Laterally rotates and protracts scapula

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return)

SOLEUS

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Depresses clavicle and steadies it during shoulder movements

SUBCLAVIUS

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Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

SUBSCAPULARIS

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Supinates forearm. Only acts alone when elbow extended

SUPINATOR

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Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

SUPRASPINATUS

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Maintains knee extended (assists gluteus maximus) and abducts hip

TENSOR FASCIA LATA

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Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint

TERES MAJOR

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laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

TERES MINOR

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Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

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Plantar flexes and inverts foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

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Extends head and spine and lateral flexes spine

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-SEMISPINALES

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Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foo

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

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Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

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laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes neck

TRAPEZIUS

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Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension

TRICEPS

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Extends knee

VASTUS INTERMEDIALIS

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Extends knee. Stabilizes patella

VASTUS MEDIALIS

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Flexes and abducts big toe. Supports medial

ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS

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to extend your hip but they have many other functions such as leg abduction which is moving your leg away from your body to the side.

primary function of the glutes is

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the muscles which lift your knee up as if you were about to march.

hip flexors

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e moving of moving your legs together from away from your body.

Adduction

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is the motion of moving a leg to the side away from your body.

Abduction

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the femur (upper leg bone) and the tibia (larger of the 2 lower leg bones.) make up what joint

The tibiofemoral joint is the articulation of the largest bone in your body,

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this joint is the articulation of the patella (kneecap) and the femur.

The patellofemoral joint

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what is the degeneration of the back of the kneecap.

Runners Knee is the name given for chondromalacia patellae

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what is inflammation of the patellar ligament which is often referred to as a tendon.

Jumper's knee is patellar tendoniti

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. Separation of the two bones forming this joint is caused by damage to the ligaments connecting them. It is sometimes also referred to as a shoulder separation injury.

The AC joint disfunction is short for the acromioclavicular joint

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The joint is formed by the outer end of the clavicle (collar bone) and the acromion process of the scapular (shoulder blade). The acromion is a bony process which protudes forwards from the upper part of the scapular.

acromioclavicular

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This joint forms the highest part of the shoulder.

acromioclavicular

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is caused by the tendons of the rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis muscles) becoming 'impinged' as they pass through a narrow bony space called the Subacromial space

Impingement Syndrome, which is sometimes called Swimmer’s shoulder or Thrower’s shoulder,

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is the medical term for Frozen Shoulder

Adhesive Capsulitis

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is when the rotator cuff tendons become trapped in the shoulder joint. Repeated impingement can lead to inflammation and thickening, which in turn will result in more impingement and trapping of the inflammed tendons.

Impingement syndrome

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muscle runs along the top of the shoulder blade and inserts via the tendon at the top of the arm (humerus bone).

The supraspinatus

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This muscle is used to lift the arm up sideways and is also important in throwing sports.

The supraspinatus

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originates from the underside of the shoulder blade and inserts at the front of the upper arm (humerus).

The subscapularis muscle

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is a large powerful muscle at the front of the chest.

pectoralis major muscle

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It used to rotate the arm inwards, pull a horizontal arm across the body, pull the arm from above the head down and pull the arm from the side upwards.

pectoralis major muscle

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The muscle lifts the arm up sideways. The front part helps to lift the arm up forwards (flexion) and the back part helps to lift the arm up backwards (extension).

deltoid

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This muscle is used to lift the arm up sideways and is also important in throwing sports as it is the muscle that holds the arm in the shoulder joint when you release what you are throwing.

supraspinatus

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These muscles are put under a great deal of strain especially in throwing events and racket sports where your arm is above your head a lot.

rotator cuff muscles

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This is a strong ligament which connects the pelvis to the femur at the front of the joint. It resembles a Y in shape and stabilises the hip by limiting hyperextension

Iliofemoral ligament:

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The pubofemoral ligament attaches the part of the pelvis known as the pubis (most forward part, either side of the pubic symphesis) to the femur

Pubofemoral ligament:

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This is a ligament which reinforces the posterior aspect of the capsule, attaching to the ischium and between the two trochanters of the femur.

Ischiofemoral ligament:

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The is the primary hip flexor muscle which consists of 3 parts.

Iliopsoas:

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Together they attach superiorly to the lower part of the spine and the inside of the ilium (flat upper part of the pelvis). They then cross the hip joint and insert to the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Iliopsoas:

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They all attach superiorly to the ischial tuberosity (lowest part of the pelvis, sometimes referred to as the sitting bone!) and cause hip extension.

hamstrings

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They all attach superiorly to the pubis and travel down the inside of the thigh.

adductor muscles

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hen the lateral (outer) structures of the knee including the vastus lateralis, Iliotibial Band and lateral retinaculum are tight and the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle on the inside of the knee is weak.

patella mal-tracking.

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This results in the patella moving too far laterally (to the outside) as the tight lateral structures pull it across and the medial (inner) muscles are not strong enough to control this force.

patella mal-tracking.

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these muscles is to bend (flex) the knee and to move the thigh backwards at the hip (extend the hip).

hamstrings

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Runners who overpronate (feet rolling in or flattening) are particularly at risk as the biomechanics of the foot pronating causes additional stretching of the

Plantar fasciitis,plantar fascia.

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222

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quadratus lumborum on one side of the body works with the opposing adductors, tensor fascia latae and glute medius to stabilize the pelvis and help control the femur as you run

lateral subsystem

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this subsystem plays an important role in stabilizing the body in the frontal plane during activities (especially single-leg work) involving the lower body (2).

lateral subsystem

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this system is a crucial component of the powerful posterior chain

deep longitudinal subsystem

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this subsystem’s primary function is to allow forces generated in the lower body to be carried up to the upper body

deep longitudinal subsystem

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when the right arm is extending during gait, so is the left leg we’re referring to the back and across nature of this muscular interaction.

posterior oblique subsystem

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are associated with the movement of the trunk and limbs and act as a equalizer for external loads places on the body.

The Global Unit Muscular Subsystem

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is also known as the “inner unit” or “joint support system”. This system of muscles is involved in stabilizing or supporting joint movement.

The local muscular system

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is hip flexion, which means bringing the thigh up towards the abdomen. The hip flexors are also active when the abdomen is being moved towards the thighs

The function of the Iliopsoas

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It is one of the four Quadriceps muscles and the only one that crosses the hip joint. This crossing of the hip joint enables it to operate as a hip flexor as well as a knee extensor (straightening the knee).

Rectus Femoris.

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This will reduce pelvic tilt and decrease lower back pain.

stretch the hip flexors and strengthen the Abdominal muscles.

🗑

These muscles all work together to keep tension on the humerus, locking it into the shoulder joint.

Rotator Cuff:

🗑

the Teres Minor, the Infraspinatus, the Supraspinatus and the Subscapularismake up the

There are four muscles in the Rotator Cuff:

🗑

attach to the humerus near the shoulder joint and originate on the breastbone in the center of the chest.

Pectoralis Major

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moves the shoulder area forward. This can be seen by shrugging your shoulder forward.

Pectoralis Minor

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The three heads of the Deltoid are

the Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior.

🗑

moves the arm away from the body.

deltoids

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this deltoid head raises arm away to the front,

anterior deltoid

🗑

this deltoid head moves arm up up and away to the side and the

Lateral deltoid

🗑

this deltoid head moves arm up and away to the rear.

Posterior

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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

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Created by: dinglespp

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