Abdomen
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What time of gestation is there rapid growth of the abdomen? | 1st month
🗑
|
||||
| What happens during the first month of gestation in regards to the abdomen? | the size of the vitelline duct decreases
🗑
|
||||
| Origin of the abdominal tissue | mesenchymal
🗑
|
||||
| Allantois | during embryogenesis it extends into the connecting stalk. Joins the embryo to the placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Landmarks & Measurements | *Lower rib margin to upper edge of pelvic bone *Laterally to the paraspinal muscles of the flanks *Umbilicus: located midway between xiphoid notch and pubc symphysis
🗑
|
||||
| The intestines... out at X and in at X | Out at 7, in at 11
🗑
|
||||
| Examination techniques of the abdomen | 1. Inspection 2. Auscultation 3. Palpation 4. Percussion
🗑
|
||||
| Inspection | 1. Symmetry 2. Muscle tone 3. Major abdominal wall defect 4. Note umbilicus position
🗑
|
||||
| Auscultation | 1. Bowel sounds 2. Bruits
🗑
|
||||
| Palpation | 1. Abdominal wall defect 2. Liver-size and consistency 3. Kidneys- esp. in infants 4. Unusual masses
🗑
|
||||
| Percussion | 1. Size of liver and spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Minor variants-spectrum variants | 1. Diastasis recti 2. umbilical hernias
🗑
|
||||
| Minor anomalies | 1. Ventral hernia 2. SUA 3. Unusual umbilical position
🗑
|
||||
| Deformations | 1. Umbilical cord length (long, short) 2. Umbilical cord knot
🗑
|
||||
| Disruptions | 1. Absence of abdominal muscles/"Prune belly"
🗑
|
||||
| Dysplasias | 1. Size/consistency of liver & spleen -Hepatosplenomegaly - Shrunken liver
🗑
|
||||
| Malformations of the anterior abdominal wall | 1. Omphalocele 2. Hernia in the UC 3. Gastroschesis
🗑
|
||||
| Malformations (other) | 1. Inguinal hernias 2. Situs inversus 3. Meckel's diverticulum 4. Urachus
🗑
|
||||
| Diastasis recti | (minor variant) -Varies in degree -Bulges when small children cry - A small one is common/benign
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical hernias | -if smaller than 1 cm diameters if a NORMAL VARIANT and closes by 2-3 years -Incarcerated umbilical hernias need surgical correction
🗑
|
||||
| Ventral hernia | -Minor anomaly -Lateral to midline -Usually unilateral - Margins may be difficult to feel
🗑
|
||||
| SUA | -Most common minor anomaly - 1% of newborns -Higher proportion with congenital anomalies
🗑
|
||||
| Unusual umbilical position | -Minor anomaly -Early abd. development -Caudal placement- inadequate migration of mesenchymal tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical cord length | -Deformation -Long: influence due to tension from fetal movement/over 90 cm -Short: extreme interuterine immobility, as small as 20 cm, early placental separation or avulsion at delivery
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical cord knot | -Deformation - true knot= long cord + active fetus
🗑
|
||||
| Prune Belly | -Malformation -Obstruction of distal urethra
🗑
|
||||
| Clinical findings of prune belly | - Flaccid -Thin abd. wall -Can see bowel
🗑
|
||||
| Size/consistency of liver/speeln | -Hepatosplenomegaly -Storage DOs -Shrunken liver- metabolic DOs and ex. Wilson disease (copper)
🗑
|
||||
| Omphalocele | -Malformation -Layer of amnion covering it -Intestinal malrotation common, eventration possible
🗑
|
||||
| Hernia into UC | -Malformation of adb. ventral wall -intestinal loops retract normally, but reemerge later -Inadequate ventral migration of mesenchyme - Covered by peritoneum and amniotic sheath - Large with eventration possible
🗑
|
||||
| Gastroschisis | - Malformation of abd. ventral wall - Abdominal contents through anterior defect -No covering - Unilateral deficit of mesenchymal migration -Opening PARAMEDIUM- umbilical cord to the side
🗑
|
||||
| Two types of inguinal hernias (malformations) | -Indirect -Direct
🗑
|
||||
| Indirect inguinal hernia | -Follows the pathway that testicles take during fetal dev - Pathway normally closes -Tests can be undescended - "Inguinal"
🗑
|
||||
| Direct inguinal hernia | -Athletic males -Rarely protrudes into the scrotum - Occurrence increased with age
🗑
|
||||
| Situs Inversus | -Malformation -Major organs are reversed -Totalis = heart on right side -Abdominus= organs below diaphragm are reversed -Polysplenia/asplenia possible
🗑
|
||||
| Meckel's diverticulum | -Malformation -Remnant of the vitelline duct or "yolk stalk" -Usually asymptomatic -2% of population
🗑
|
||||
| Urachus: three types (malformations) | 1. Sinus 2. Cyst 3. Fistula
🗑
|
||||
| Urachal sinus | -Dilation -Into the bladder or at the umbilicus
🗑
|
||||
| Urachal cyst | -Remnant of epithelial lining of urachus (canal that connects the bladder and the umbilicus) - Usually small and undetected
🗑
|
||||
| Urachal fistula | - No closure/completely open tube - Urine drainage
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
KChatham
Popular Genetics sets