AP Human Geography - Political Unit Vocab, Theories
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| What is a state? | An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs; country
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| Define Sovereignty | Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states.
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| Define Nation | People
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| Define Global Commons | The only two politically unorganized areas not under the control of any state are the oceans and Antartica.
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| What are Ancient States? | The ancient Fertile Crescent formed an arc between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. The eastern end, Mesopotamia, was centered in the valley formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in present-day Iraq.
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| Early European States | The Roman Empire controlled most of Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, from modern-day Spain to Iran and from Egypt to England. However, it colapsed in the fifth century.
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| Colonialism | The effort by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural priciples on such territory.
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| Imperialism | Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.
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| Berlin Conference | This is where the map of Africa was drawn without a representative (s) from Africa. The result caused many ethnic groups to separate.
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| Heartland Theory | The theory was imposed by Halford Mackinder stating that the power of a superpower would occur in the heartland of Europe.
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| Stateless Nation | A nation without a stateEx.) The Kurds
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| Geopolitics | An extreme form of the environmental determinism that was to dominate human geography for decades to come, but it was so speculative that it would probably have soon been forgotten had it not given rise to a subfield of political geography
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| Rimland Theory | The theory was imposed by Nicholas Spykman and stated that who controls the Rimland rules Eurasia.
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| Enclave | Vatican City inside Italy
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| Exclave | Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico
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| Buffer States | A country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them.
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| Satellite States | political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country
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| Elongated | Italy
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| Compact | France, Poland
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