Ch. 22-Natl. Reform
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| Seventeenth Amendment | Popular election of senators; 1913
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| Theodore Roosevelt | vp to McKinley; becomes pres. 1900; "wild man"
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| “Trust-buster” |
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| Northern Securities Company | Northwest railroad monopoly
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| 1902 United Mine Worker’s Strike | strike in which Roosevelt considered worker's needs
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| “Square Deal” | a fair deal
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| Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act 1906 | 1906; sought to restore some regulatory authority to the government; too cautious to satisfy progressives
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| William H. Taft | pres-1909; not well-liked but in fact good reformer
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| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | reduced tariff rates scarcely at all and in some areas actually raised them; weak
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| Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy | controversy that ultimately alienated Taft from Roosevelt's supporters
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| “New Nationalism” | Roosevelt's principles; social justice was possible only through the vigorous efforts of a strong federal govt
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| Progressive Party | "Bull Moose" Party; additional regulation of industry and trusts, compensation by the govt for workers injured on the job, pensions for elderly and widows w/children, and women suffrage
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| Woodrow Wilson | 1912-pres; "New Freedom"
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| “New Freedom” | the proper response to monopolies were to destroy them, not regulate them
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| Colonel Edward M. House | advisor to Wilson; held no office but close friendship
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| Underwood Simmons Tariff | provided cuts substantial enough to introduce real competition into American markets and thus to help break the power of trusts
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| Sixteenth Amendment | authorizes income tax
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| Federal Reserve Act | created 12 regional banks, each to be owned and controlled by the individual banks of its district
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| Federal Trade Commission Act | created a regulatory agency that would help businesses determine in advance whether their actions would be acceptable to the govt
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| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | weak
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| Louis Brandeis | first jewish Supreme Court justice
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| Keating-Owen Act | the first federal law regulation child labor
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| Senator Robert LaFollette |
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| Pure Food and Drug Act | restricted the sale of dangerous or ineffective medicines
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| The Jungle | Upton Sinclair; featured appalling descriptions of conditions in the meatpacking industry
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| Meat Inspection Act | ultimately helped eliminatemay diseases once transmitted in impure meat
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| Gifford Pinchot | chief forester
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| John Muir | nation's leading preservationist and founder of the Sierra Club
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| National Reclamation Act | =Newland's Act; provided federal funds for the construction of dams, reservoirs and canals in the West
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| George Perkins Marsh |
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| “Uncivilized and civilized nations” | civilized=predominantly white and Anglo-Saxon; uncivilized=generallynonwhite, Latin or Slavic
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| “Open Door” | Asia
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| Portsmouth Conference | Roosevelt negotiated peace of Russo-Japanese War
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| Russo-Japanese War | Japan trying to expand
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| “Yellow Peril” |
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| “Great White Fleet” | fleet of ships; Roosevelt
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| “Roosevelt Corollary” | The US had the right not only to oppose European intervention in the Western Hemisphere but also to intervene itself in the domestic affairs of its neighbors
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| Platt Amendment | gave the US the right to prevent any foreign power from intruding into the new nation;Cuba
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| Panama Canal | Roosevelt orchestrated a Panamanian revolt against Colombia
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| Hay-Pauncefote Treaty |
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| John Hay | Roosevelt's sec. of state;
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| “Canal zone” | 6 mile wide zone in which US has perpetual rights
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| “Dollar Diplomacy” | Taft; extend American investments into less-developed regions
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| Porfirio Diaz | corrupt Mexican dictator
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| Pancho Villa | Mexican rebel leader
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| General John Jay Pershing | General; led American expeditionary force across Mexican border in pursuit of Pancho Villa
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