Physiology Terms
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| part of nervous system that consists of sensory receptor cells that receive stimuli from the external or internal environment | Sensory System
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| general term for info that sensory system processes. May or may not reach consciousness. (Joel Hansen #88 is my hero) | Sensory Information
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| information that sensory system process that reaches consciousness. (ex. feeling pain) | Sensation
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| a person's understanding of a sensation's meaning. (ex. awareness that a tooth hurts) | Perception
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| Located at the peripheral ends of afferent neurons, they change info into graded potentials that can activate action potentials which travel into CNS. | Sensory Receptors
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| the energy or chemical that activates a sensory receptor. | Stimulus (stimulus goes up, action potential goes up)
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| the process by which a stimulus is transformed into an electrical response. | Sensory Transduction
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| class of receptor that responds to mechanical stimuli like touch. These stimuli alter permeability of ion channels on receptor membrane, changing membrane potential. 1 of 5 receptor types | Mechanoreceptor
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| class of receptor that detect both cold and warmth. 1 of 5 types | Thermoreceptor
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| class of receptor that responds to particular light wavelengths. 1 of 5 receptor types | Photoreceptor
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| class of receptor that responds to the binding of particular chemicals to the receptor membrane. provides sense of smell and taste and detects blood pH and oxygen concentration. | Chemoreceptor
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| class of receptor that are specialized nerve endings that respond to a number of different painful stimuli, such as heat or tissue damange | Nociceptors
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| graded potential that arises in afferent neuron ending, or a specialized cell, in response to stimulation. | Receptor Potential
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| a factor that controls the magnitude of the receptor potential, is a decrease in receptor sensitivity, which results in a decrease in action potential frequency in an afferent neuron despite a stimulus of constant strength. | Adaptation (figure 7-3)
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| area of the body that, when stimulated, leads to activity in a particular afferent neuron. usually overlap. | Receptive Field (smaller receptive field, higher acuity)
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| ability with which we can locate and discern one stimulus from an adjacent one. | Acuity
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| method of refining sensory information in afferent neurons and ascending pathways whereby fibers inhibit each other, the most active fibers causing the greatest inhibition of adjacent fibers. | Lateral Inhibition (Figure 7-9)
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| receptors that respond very rapidly at the stimulus onset, but, fire very slowly or not at all during the remainder of the stimulus. (ex. sensation of clothes on skin) | Rapidly Adapting Receptors (Figure 7-11)
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| receptors that maintain their response at or near the initial level of firing regardless of the stimulus duration. (ex. upright posture for long periods of time) | Slowly Adapting Receptors (Figure 7-11)
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| region of cerebral cortex containing sensory cortex and some association cortex. TASTE | Parietal Lobe
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| posterior region of cerebral cortex where primary visual cortex is located. VISION | Occipital Lobe
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| region of cerebral cortex where primary auditory cortex and Wernicke's speech center are located. HEARING | Temporal Lobe
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| interconnected brain structures in cerebrum; involved with emotions and learning | Limbic
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| feelings/perceptions coming from muscle, skin, bones tendons, and joints. initiated by a variety of sensory recptors. | Somatic Sensation
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| ascending neural pathway running in the anterolateral column of the spinal cord white matter; conveys information about pain and temperature. | Anterolateral Pathway (figure 7-19)
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| ascending pathway for somatosensory information; runs through dorsal area of spinal white matter. | Dorsal Column Pathway (figure 7-19)
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| adjustment of eye for viewing various distances by changing shape of lens | Accommodation
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| nearsighted, unable to see distant objects clearly. corrected with convex lens. | Myopic
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| farsighted, unable to see close objects clearly. corrected with concave lens | Hyperopic
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| reduction in ability to accommodate for near vision. result of old age 45+ | Presbyopia
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| the tough outermost tissue layer of the eyeball. forms a white capsule around the eye | Sclera
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| darkly pigmented part of eye that absorbs light rays at the back of the eyeball. | Choroid
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| transparent structure covering the front of the eye; forms part of eye's optical system and helps focus an object's image on retina | Cornea
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| involved in movement and shape of the lens during accommodation. | Ciliary Muscle
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| ringlike structure surrounding pupil of eye. | Iris
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| opening in iris of eye through which light passes to reach retina. | Pupil
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| connecting the ciliary muscles with the lens of the eye. | Zonular Fibers
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| thin layer of neural tissue lining back of eyeball; contains receptors for vision. | Retina
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| adjustable part of eye's optical system, which helps focus object's image on retina. | Lens
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| sensory cell specialized to respond to light; contains pigments that make it sensitive to different light wavelengths. | Photoreceptor
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| bundle of neurons connecting the eye to the optic chiasm. transfers signal to brain | Optic Nerve
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| clear fluid filling the anterior chamber (between iris and cornea). | Aqueous Humor
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| Viscous jellylike substance filling the posterior chamber of the eye (between the lens and the retina). | Vitreous Humor
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| one of two receptor types for photic energy; contains the photopigment rhodopsin. extremely sensitive and respond to very low levels of light. | Rod
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| one of the two retinal receptor types for photic energy; gives rise to color vision. not sensitive and respond only to bright light. | Cone
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