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NUHS Chapter 7
Physiology Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| part of nervous system that consists of sensory receptor cells that receive stimuli from the external or internal environment | Sensory System |
| general term for info that sensory system processes. May or may not reach consciousness. (Joel Hansen #88 is my hero) | Sensory Information |
| information that sensory system process that reaches consciousness. (ex. feeling pain) | Sensation |
| a person's understanding of a sensation's meaning. (ex. awareness that a tooth hurts) | Perception |
| Located at the peripheral ends of afferent neurons, they change info into graded potentials that can activate action potentials which travel into CNS. | Sensory Receptors |
| the energy or chemical that activates a sensory receptor. | Stimulus (stimulus goes up, action potential goes up) |
| the process by which a stimulus is transformed into an electrical response. | Sensory Transduction |
| class of receptor that responds to mechanical stimuli like touch. These stimuli alter permeability of ion channels on receptor membrane, changing membrane potential. 1 of 5 receptor types | Mechanoreceptor |
| class of receptor that detect both cold and warmth. 1 of 5 types | Thermoreceptor |
| class of receptor that responds to particular light wavelengths. 1 of 5 receptor types | Photoreceptor |
| class of receptor that responds to the binding of particular chemicals to the receptor membrane. provides sense of smell and taste and detects blood pH and oxygen concentration. | Chemoreceptor |
| class of receptor that are specialized nerve endings that respond to a number of different painful stimuli, such as heat or tissue damange | Nociceptors |
| graded potential that arises in afferent neuron ending, or a specialized cell, in response to stimulation. | Receptor Potential |
| a factor that controls the magnitude of the receptor potential, is a decrease in receptor sensitivity, which results in a decrease in action potential frequency in an afferent neuron despite a stimulus of constant strength. | Adaptation (figure 7-3) |
| area of the body that, when stimulated, leads to activity in a particular afferent neuron. usually overlap. | Receptive Field (smaller receptive field, higher acuity) |
| ability with which we can locate and discern one stimulus from an adjacent one. | Acuity |
| method of refining sensory information in afferent neurons and ascending pathways whereby fibers inhibit each other, the most active fibers causing the greatest inhibition of adjacent fibers. | Lateral Inhibition (Figure 7-9) |
| receptors that respond very rapidly at the stimulus onset, but, fire very slowly or not at all during the remainder of the stimulus. (ex. sensation of clothes on skin) | Rapidly Adapting Receptors (Figure 7-11) |
| receptors that maintain their response at or near the initial level of firing regardless of the stimulus duration. (ex. upright posture for long periods of time) | Slowly Adapting Receptors (Figure 7-11) |
| region of cerebral cortex containing sensory cortex and some association cortex. TASTE | Parietal Lobe |
| posterior region of cerebral cortex where primary visual cortex is located. VISION | Occipital Lobe |
| region of cerebral cortex where primary auditory cortex and Wernicke's speech center are located. HEARING | Temporal Lobe |
| interconnected brain structures in cerebrum; involved with emotions and learning | Limbic |
| feelings/perceptions coming from muscle, skin, bones tendons, and joints. initiated by a variety of sensory recptors. | Somatic Sensation |
| ascending neural pathway running in the anterolateral column of the spinal cord white matter; conveys information about pain and temperature. | Anterolateral Pathway (figure 7-19) |
| ascending pathway for somatosensory information; runs through dorsal area of spinal white matter. | Dorsal Column Pathway (figure 7-19) |
| adjustment of eye for viewing various distances by changing shape of lens | Accommodation |
| nearsighted, unable to see distant objects clearly. corrected with convex lens. | Myopic |
| farsighted, unable to see close objects clearly. corrected with concave lens | Hyperopic |
| reduction in ability to accommodate for near vision. result of old age 45+ | Presbyopia |
| the tough outermost tissue layer of the eyeball. forms a white capsule around the eye | Sclera |
| darkly pigmented part of eye that absorbs light rays at the back of the eyeball. | Choroid |
| transparent structure covering the front of the eye; forms part of eye's optical system and helps focus an object's image on retina | Cornea |
| involved in movement and shape of the lens during accommodation. | Ciliary Muscle |
| ringlike structure surrounding pupil of eye. | Iris |
| opening in iris of eye through which light passes to reach retina. | Pupil |
| connecting the ciliary muscles with the lens of the eye. | Zonular Fibers |
| thin layer of neural tissue lining back of eyeball; contains receptors for vision. | Retina |
| adjustable part of eye's optical system, which helps focus object's image on retina. | Lens |
| sensory cell specialized to respond to light; contains pigments that make it sensitive to different light wavelengths. | Photoreceptor |
| bundle of neurons connecting the eye to the optic chiasm. transfers signal to brain | Optic Nerve |
| clear fluid filling the anterior chamber (between iris and cornea). | Aqueous Humor |
| Viscous jellylike substance filling the posterior chamber of the eye (between the lens and the retina). | Vitreous Humor |
| one of two receptor types for photic energy; contains the photopigment rhodopsin. extremely sensitive and respond to very low levels of light. | Rod |
| one of the two retinal receptor types for photic energy; gives rise to color vision. not sensitive and respond only to bright light. | Cone |
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hanfire
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