Middle Grades Test Prep
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Civilization | A society that has a achieved a high level of culture, including the development of systems of government, religion and learning.
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| Culture | The way of life of a group of people at a particular time, including their customs, beliefs, and arts.
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| Democracy | A government run by the people, in which citizens make their laws.
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| Republic | A government in which citizens have the right to choose their leaders.
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| Pax Romana | A period of peace in the Roman Empire that lasted about 200 years, during which trade flourished.
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| Serfs | A person who was bound to live and work on the land of a noble.
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| Manors | A self-sufficient farming estate where nobles and serfs lived and worked.
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| Crusades | A series of "holy wars" in the Middle Ages in which European Christians attempted to recapture the Holy Land from Muslims.
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| Constitutional Monarchy | A government headed by a king or queen whose powers are limited by a constitution.
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| Communism | A political and economic system in which land and businesses are controlled by the government.
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| Totalitarian | A government that contraols all aspects of people's lives; totalitarian governments are led by a dictator or small group of people
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| Nationalism | A feeling of intesnse loyalty and devotion to one's country.
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| Alliance | A formal agreement between two or more nations to work together in war or commerce.
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| Depression | A severe slowdown in business characterized by high unemployment and falling prices.
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| Iron Curtain | An imaginary border that separated the democratic nations of Western Europe from the nations in Eastern Europe under the control of the Soviet Union.
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| Muhammad | Founder of Islam.
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| Cuneiform | A system of writing developed in ancient Sumeria that used wedge-shaped symbols.
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| Code of Hammurabi | The world's first system of laws, recorded by Hammurabi, king of Babylonia, about 1780 B.C.
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| Epics | A long poem that celebrates gods, heroes, or events in a people's past
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| Colony | A territory that is under the control of another, usually distant, country.
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| Dictator | A ruler who has absolute power and authority.
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| Feudalism | An economic and political system of Europe in the Middle Ages based on certain obligations
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| Reformation | A religious movement in sixteenth-century Europe, led by Martin Luther, that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the birth of Protestant chruches.
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| Martin Luther | German monk and teacher; leader of the Protestant Reformation
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| Emporer | monarch, ruler
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| Abolitionist | a person who worked to do away with slavery.
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| Circumnavigate | to sail completely around the world
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| Cooperative | an organization owned and managed by those who use its services.
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| Domestication | the breeding of plants and animals to meet specific human needs
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| Fall Line | The point at which waterfalls make river navigation impossible to navigate.
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| Impressment | the practice of drafting sailors by force
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| Loose Construction | interpretation that the government can do anything the Constitution does not plainly forbid it to do.
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| Nativist | a person who is hostile to immigrants
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| Sedition | saying or doing something to bring down the government.
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| Precedent | a decision or act that serves as an example for others to follow.
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| Law of Demand | the lower the price of a good or service the greater the quantity of it that will be demanded by purchasers.
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| Factors of Production | land, labor and capital
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | estimate of the total money value of all goods and services provided in a given 1-year period using the factors of production located within a country's borders
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| Gross National Product (GNP) | similar to GDP - estimate of the total money value of all the final goods and services provided in a 1-year period by the factors of production owned by a particular country's residents.
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| Inflation | a sustained rise over time in the general level of prices
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| Law of Supply | the higher the price of a good or service, the larger the quanityt of that good or service that will be offered for sale
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| Macroeconomics | strives to explain the functioning of the economy as a whole- total output, overall levels of employment, total savings or investments
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| Microeconomics | (think microscope- looking at small things) studies the behaviors of individual households and firms
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| Market Economy | scarce resources are allocated by the interplay of supply and demand in free markets
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| Progressive Tax | temds to take a smaller % of the incomes of lower income citizens compared to the percentage it takes of wealthier citizens
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| Recession | a cyclical period of serious decline in the national economy
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| Socialism | all or most productive resources are the property of the government. Production and distribution of goods and services are administered primarily by the government
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| Anthropology | study of the origin and develppment of human beings
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| Psychology | study of mental processes and behaviors
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| Sociology | study of human intereaction
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| Capitalism | economic system where most production is privately owned (US)
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| Communism | economic system in which the factories, farms, etc are owned commonly by the workders
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| George Washington | commander and chief of the american Army; 1st President of the US
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| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence; 3rd President of the US
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| James Madison` | Father of the Constitution; 4th President of the US
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| Abraham Lincoln | served during the Civil War; Emancipation Proclmation, Gettysburg Address, 16th President of the US
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| Robert E. Lee | General of the Confederacy, surrendered at the Appotmattox
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| Ulysses S. Grant | General of the union; 18th President of the US
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| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy
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| Clara Barton | Founder of the red Cross; Known as the "Angel of the battlefield"
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| Harriet Tubman | escaped slave; Conductor of the Underground Railroad; worked to improve women's rights
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| Lewis and Clark | Chosen by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory that was purchased in 1803
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| Theodore Roosevelt | supported conservation and national park system - 26th president of the US
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Elected president 4 times and served as the 32nd President of the US from 1933-1945, which led to the addition of the 22nd Amendment
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| Richard Nixon | Signed the first treaty to limit nuclear missiles. Involved in Watergate Scandal served as 36th President of the US, resigned and pardoned.
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| John F. Kennedy | Cuban Missle Crisis, assassinated during presidency.
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| Martin Luther King, Jr. | civil right leader, marched on Washington in 1963 with over 250,000 followers, known for his famous "I have a dream" speech
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| Rosa Parks | refused to give up her seat to a white male in Montgomery, Alabama..led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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| Thomas Edison | invented the light bulb; developed the motion picture camera and phonograph
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| Ronald Regan | appointed first female Supreme Court Justice; oldest person elected President
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| Susan B. Anthony | active in the equal rights movement for women and anti-slavery. Years of work to have the 19th Amendment added to Constitution
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| Eleanor Roosevelt | First Lady 1933-1945 who took an active role in politics. Visited work camps, hospitals, and coal mines and often demanded action from her husband for better work conditions.
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| Ponce De Leon | First Spanish explorer/conquistadore to reach Florida in 1513. Named the area Florida for its beautiful flowers
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| Jean Ribault | Came from France to establish settlement near Jacksonville, FL. Settlement failed and later sent to Fort Caroline. Fort Caroline destroyed by Spanish in 1565.
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| Andrew Jackson | In 1813 the British tried to regain control of Florida. Drove out the British and later became the first Govenor of Florida.
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| Osceola | Creek Indian who led the Seminoles against the US government, and won. Was finally captured and sent to prison at Fort Moultrie, Charleston, NC where he soon died, but with the respect of the US Army.
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| John Gorrie | invented a machine that made ice and eventually refrigeration and air conditioning.
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| Henry Flagler | Built a railroad system from Jacksonville to the Keys so that tourist could winter in the south.
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| Alfred I. Dupont | Banking tycoon who took control over several Flrodia banks during the Depression. He purchased acres of forestland in North Florida and developed the pulp and paper business
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| Mary McLeod Bethune | came from a poor farming family in SC. Went on to become teacher and opened a school for Black girls. Eventually became Bethune-Cookman College.
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| Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings | writer from Cross Creek who wrote stories about Florida such as "The Yearling"
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| Janet Reno | In 1993, was the first woman to serve as Attorney General of the US.
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