amino acid metabolism stack 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Where is protein catalyzed in the body? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the first step of breaking down proteins? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | alpha-amino group is removed from the amino acid by a transaminase. This produces alpha-ketoacids
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the alpha-ketoacids in liver? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is produced and secreted by the serous cells of the stomach? Its role? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It hydrolyzes large, denatured proteins to medium and small oligopeptides
🗑
|
||||
| Once proteins reach the intestine what chemical storm occurs? What initiates the storm? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | trypsinogen converts to active form, trypsin. Trypsin cleaves to activate all the other zymogens.
🗑
|
||||
| show | amino acids absorbed by the intestinal mucosal cells and released into portal system
🗑
|
||||
| show | Extracellular low, Intracellular high
🗑
|
||||
| show | ATP-dependent transport systems
🗑
|
||||
| show | steatorrhea (lipid in the feces) and undigested protein in feces
🗑
|
||||
| show | malabsorption resulting from immune-mediated damage to small intestine in response to ingestion of gluten
🗑
|
||||
| show | cystinuria
🗑
|
||||
| How does cystinuria clinically present itself? What is the etiology? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What amino acids appear in the urine with cystinuria? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does 90% of the nitrogen that enters the body via diet, exit the body? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What fills the amino acid pool? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PEST are Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr, or proline, glutamin, serine and threonine. Proteins with these series have a very short half-live
🗑
|
||||
| show | intracellular
Extracellular such as collagen last from months to years
🗑
|
||||
| show | synthesis proteins to replace rapidly turning over plasma proteins
🗑
|
||||
| show | purines, pyrimidines, heme groups (porphyrins), neurotransmitters
🗑
|
||||
| show | metabolized into product to enter various pathways such as glycolysis and TCA for energy production/ATP synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscle proteins are broken down via proteolysis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glucose-Alanine cycle: transamination to alpha-ketoacid. Nitrogen transfered to pyruvate which becomes alanine. Alanine goes to liver and switches back to pyruvate while the nitrogen group goes to alpha ketoglutate which become glutamate=glyconeogen..
🗑
|
||||
| What must happen in order to use an amino acid for fuel? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Most is disposed as urea, a little remains as ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| What four things does the Nitrogen atom play a crucial role in building and regulation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| When alpha-keto acids enter the TCA cycle what are the final products? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Liver enzymes convert nitrogen groups to urea from what compounds? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism that causes mental retardation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How might a person with PKU look different? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What rare disease involves homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency? Why? Symptoms? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maple Syrup Urine D. due to inability to decarboxylate leucine, isoleucine and valine
It can be lethal!
🗑
|
||||
| What will a B12 deficiency cause? Why? | show 🗑
|
||||
| If you are low on B12, B6 and folate what pathway is in jeopardy? What condition will occur? treatmen? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyperammonemia
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two enzymes that must be known for hyperammonemia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Alcoholics and folks with hepatisis aquire a deficiency in which enzyme that brings on hyperammonemia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | X-linked recessive, and the most common of all the urea disorders
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. glutamine synthetase; 2. glutaminase; 3. transaminases: ALT & AST; 4. Glutamate Dehydrogenase
🗑
|
||||
| show | amination: glutamate + ammonium NH4 + ATP = glutamine + ADP + Pi catalyzed by glutamine synthase!!!
🗑
|
||||
| show | glutaminase catalzyes
glutamine + H2O = glutamate + NH4+
🗑
|
||||
| show | ALT: alanine aminotransferase
AST: aspartate aminotransferase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Named based on the starting amino acid, alanine or aspartate because the end product of both reactions is alpha-ketoglutarate
🗑
|
||||
| show | They are intracellular enzymes. physical trauma or disease cause cells to lyse releasing them.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Liver disease:viral hepatitis, toxic injury (alcoholism), prolonged circulatory collapse
Non-liver: MI, muscle disorders
🗑
|
||||
| show | glutamate dehydrogenase can catalyze reversible deamination from glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate which release NH4 ions
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. glutamine synthetase
2. glucose-alanine pathway
🗑
|
||||
| show | glutamine synthetase combines ammonia + glutamate = glutamine: nontoxic, travels in blood to liver. In liver it can be cleaved by glutaminase to release the NH$
🗑
|
||||
| show | transamination: NH3 from glutamate put on pyruvate = alanine. alanine travels in blood to liver. switched back to pyruvate by ALT. ALT also puts the NH3 on alpha-ketoglutarate. Glutamate dehydrogenase then takes it off to send it for urea formation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | glutamine synthetase binds NH3 to glutamate to make non-toxi glutamine
🗑
|
||||
| show | glutaminase
🗑
|
||||
| If glutamine goes to the intestine, what enzyme kicks free the NH for export (via the portal vein) for trip liver and urea synthesis? | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
El Diablo
Popular Biochemistry sets