Cleft Palate Exam 1
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Where does motor innervation for VP closure muscles come from? | Pharyngeal Plexus
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| Palatoglossus motor innervation | XII (hypoglossal)
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| Tensor Veli Palatini motor innervation | V (trigemental)
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| Sensory for hard and soft palate comes from | greater and lesser palatine nerves and also CN X
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| Sensory for faucial and pharyngeal regions | XI (glossopharyngeal nerve)
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| Which two CN also possibly assist in innervating sensory of faucial and pharyngeal regions of oral cavity? | Facial (VII) and Vagus (X)
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| Where is velum for nasal sounds? | Lowered
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| Which muscles lower velum? | Palatoglossus and paltopahryngeous
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| Where is velum for oral sounds? | Elevated
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| Which muscles help to close off velum? | Levator veli palatini
Musculus Uvulae
Palatopharyngeous
Superor pharyngeal constrictor muscles
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| Types of closure patterns | Coronal
Sagital
Circular
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| Coronal closure | velum against posterior pharyngeal walls with minimal movement of lateral PW
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| What is the most common pattern of velum closure? | Coronal
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| Circular closure | All velopharyngeal structures contribute to closure equally
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| Which closure pattern represents a true sphincter | Circular
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| Sagittal closure | Lateral PW move medially behind velum (not against), minimal posterior displacement of soft palate
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| What is the least common velum closure pattern? | Sagittal
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| Contact on Passavant's ridge | Circular
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| Contact on posterior pharyngeal wall | Coronal
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| Contact on adenoid pads | Sagittal
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| What leads to variation in velum closure patterns? | Age
Gender
Race
Phonetic context
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| Children under 13 show VP closure at __________ | Palatal Plane
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| Palatal plane | Straight line from anterior to posterior nasal spine
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| Velar hight is higher when producing _______ rather than _______ | Consonants; vowels
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| High pressure consonants | plosives, fricatives, affricates
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| Velar height is lower when producing _____ rather than _______ | Other consonants; high pressure consonants
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| Velar hight is higher when producing _______ rather than _______ | High vowels; low vowels
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| VP closure is tighter when producing _______ rather than _______ | Consonants; vowels
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| VP closure is weaker when producing ________ rather than ______ | Low vowels; high vowels
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| Passavant's Ridge | Shelf-like presence on PPW, compensatory for kids with clefts
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| How could Adenoid Pad affect VP closure? | Be enlarged or irregular
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| What happens when Adenoid pad is enlarged? | Prevents tight air seal, can cause gaps
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| Gaps in VP closure lead to | Nasal air emissions (VPI)
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| What happens when adenoid pad is irregular? | Cause obstruction, interfere with lateral posterior wall movement, prevent air tight seal
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| What does obstruction of VP closure lead to? | Cul de sac resonance
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| When does VPI persist? | In kids with sub mucous cleft
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| How long does VPI persist if a child has their adenoids removed (w/o additional issues)? | 6 months
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| Cul-de-sac reonsance | muffled resonance/speech
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