Chapter 13 Vocab- Urban Patterns
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| Annexation | Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
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| Carbon capture and storage (CCS) | The process of capturing waste CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally underground
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| Census tract | An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods
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| Central business district (CBD) | The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered
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| Central city (City) | An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit known as municipality
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| Combined statistical area (CSA) | In the United States, two or more contiguous CBSAs tied together by commuting patterns.
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| Concentric zone model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
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| Core-based statistical area (CBSA) | In the US, any Metropolitan Statistical Area or Micropolitan Statistical Area
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| Density gradient | The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery
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| Edge city | A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
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| Filtering | A process of change in the use of a house from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.
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| Gentrification | A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner occupied area
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| Informal settlement | An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residence on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
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| Megalopolis | A continuous urban complex in the northeastern U.S.
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| Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) | In the U.S. an urbanized area of at least 50k people, the county within which the city is located, and the adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
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| Micropolitan statistical area (mSA) | An urbanized area of between 10k-50k inhabitants, the county in which it is located, and adjacent counties tied to the city
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| Multiple nuclei model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
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| Peripheral model | A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
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| Primary census area (PSA) | In the United States, any CSA, any MSA not included in a CSA, or any mSA not included in a CSA
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| Public housing | Government owned housing rented to low-income individuals, with rents set at 30% of the tenant's income.
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| Redlining | A process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property withing th elines
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| Rush hour | The 4 consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic
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| Sector model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district.
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| Smart growth | Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
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| Social area analysis | Statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area
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| Sprawl | Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area
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| Suburb | A residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city.
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| Sustainable development | Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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| Underclass | A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.
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| Urban area | A central city and its surrounding built-up subrubs
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| Urban cluster | In the US, an urban area with between 2,500 and 50k inhabitants.
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| Urbanized area | In the US an urban area with at least 50k inhabitants
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| Zoning ordinance | A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.
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