Cardiac Output and Blood Flow
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | volume of blood ejected per beat per minute
Stroke Volume and Heart Rate
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| Explain the Frank-Starling law of the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | starling forces:
Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic Pressure
Blood Osmotic (Oncotic or colloid) Pressure
Interstitial Osmotic pressure
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| Describe the maintenance of blood volume by Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | show 🗑
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| Explain the mechanisms that regulate blood flow to the various tissues | show 🗑
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| show | measures the pressure necessary for adequate perfusion of the organs of the body
*perfusion: process in which blood is forced to flow through a network
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| show | DBP+1/3 (SBP-DBP)
cardiac output*total peripheral resistance
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| Describe dangers of hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | -defects in salt management by kidneys
-excessive salt intake
-diets low in K and Ca
-excess vasopressin
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| factors of stroke volume | show 🗑
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| show | alternating balance of parasympathetic and sympathetic influence on SA node.
Symp: less hyperpolarization :. less depolarization to beat :. faster HR
Para- greater hyperpolarization :. greater depolarization to beat :. slower HR
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| factors influencing venous return. which influence SV | show 🗑
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| factors influencing blood volume, which influence SV | show 🗑
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| factors influencing EDV (end diastolic volume), which influences SV | show 🗑
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| show | fraction of blood pumped out w each heart beat
SV/EDV * 100
normal fraction 50-55%
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| Define Hydrostatic Pressure, a force that acts in capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | osmotic pressure of proteins within or outside of capillary
Blood O/CP: proteins in blood/in capillary
I O/CP: proteins outside of blood/capillary
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| show | Net Filtration: movement of fluid out of capillaries at the arteriole end (+)
Net Absorption: movement of fluid into capillaries at venule end (10-15% remains in interstitial spaces and will enter lymphatic capillaries and return to venous system)
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| Describe the maintenance of blood volume by aldosterone | show 🗑
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| show | produced by atria when heart stretched. Inhibits ADH secretion and antagonist of aldosterone. Promotes salt and water excretion in urine in response to increased blood volume
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| show | Regulated by Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Found in pulmonary circulatory system
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| show | P- force exerted by blood (Arterial-Venous)
F- blood flow rate thru vessel
R- resistance of blood vessels/flow (R proportional to 1/r^4)
F=P/R
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| show | force exerted by blood against vessel wall
-blood V in vessel
-compliance (stretchability) of vessel walls
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| Define Systolic Pressure | show 🗑
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| Define Diastolic Pressure | show 🗑
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| Define Pulse Pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Average pressure driving blood forward to tissues throughout cardiac cycle
AKA BP that is monitored and regulated in body
Cardiac output
Total peripheral resistance
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| Define Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic
-Sympathetic
-Epinephrine
-Hormones (Angiotensin II and Vasopressin)
Intrinsic
-Autoregulation promotes constant blood flow (ex active hyperemia)
-arterioles (major resistance vessels :. det. MAP)
-smooth muscle constriction/dilation
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| Define active hyperemia and explain the process | show 🗑
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| Short term maintenance of MAP/BP | show 🗑
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| show | adjust normal salt:water balance thru mechanisms that regulate urine output. Takes minutes to days
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| show | BP > 140/90
primary- no real cause
secondary- caused by disease or condition
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| show | BP < 100/60
no issue unless have symptoms
occurs when too little blood to fill vessels or heart too weak to drive blood
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| Define circulatory shock | show 🗑
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| Define congestive heart failure | show 🗑
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| What is orthostatic/postural hypotension | show 🗑
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| Acute Effects on CV system | show 🗑
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| show | ^ cardiac output:
^SV bc heart is stronger & more stretchable :. better at filling and pumping
HR does not change w fitness
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Created by:
kellyyrosse
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