ASCP MLT BOC Immunohematology
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| show | First exposure to an antigen
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| show | Days to Months
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| show | IgM at first. May switch to IgG after 2-3 weeks (isotype switching)
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| show | Rises slowly. Peaks then declines.
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| show | The period of inactivity after exposure to an antigen before the body produces an immune response.
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| What stimulates the Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| How long is the lag phase for Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| show | IgG only
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| What is the titer reaction for Secondary Immune Response? | show 🗑
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| show | Monomer and 2 binding sites
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| What is the optimum temperature of reactivity for IgG? | show 🗑
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| show | IgM
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| Which antibody (IgG or IgM) reacts best by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)? | show 🗑
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| What is the strength of complement fixation for IgG? | show 🗑
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| Which antibody (IgG or IgM) causes transfusion reactions? | show 🗑
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| show | IgG
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| Which antibody (IgG or IgM) is destroyed by sulfhydral compounds? (dithiothreitol [DTT], 2-mercaptoethanol [2-ME] | show 🗑
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| show | Pentamer and 10 binding sites
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| show | IgM is naturally occurring
IgG is Immune
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| What is the optimum temperature of reactivity for IgM? | show 🗑
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| What is the strength of complement fixation for IgM | show 🗑
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| show | Hemolysis and agglutination
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| What is the optimum pH for Ag/Ab reactions? | show 🗑
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| What is LISS? | show 🗑
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| What is prozone? | show 🗑
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| What is 20-30% albumin used for? | show 🗑
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| What is zeta potential? | show 🗑
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| show | Polythyleneglycol: Increases antibody uptake. Used for the detection and ID of weak IgG antibodies
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| What are enzymes used for in Blood Bank testing? | show 🗑
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| show | Antihuman Globulin: Used to agglutinate cells that are sensitized (have antibody or complement attached)
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| Polyspecific (broad spectrum) AHG | show 🗑
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| Monospecific AHG | show 🗑
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| show | Direct Antiglobilin testing: Detects in-vivo sensitization of RBCs by IgG antibody
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| show | EDTA red cells
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| Which antiglobulin test (DAT or IAT) is incubation required? | show 🗑
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| When is the DAT done? What is it's purpose? | show 🗑
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| show | Indirect Antiglobulin Testing: Detects in-vitro sensitization of RBCs by IgG antibody
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| What is the preferred specimen for IAT? | show 🗑
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| When is the IAT done? What is it's purpose? | show 🗑
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| show | H substance and N-acetylgalactosamine
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| show | H substance and D-galactose
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| show | 45% O, 40% A, 10% B, 5% AB
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| What is the frequency of ABO blood types in Blacks? | show 🗑
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| What is the frequency of ABO blood types in Hispanics? | show 🗑
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| show | 43% O, 27% A, 25% B, 5% AB
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| What is the genotype of Rh positive bood? | show 🗑
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| What is the genotype of Rh negative blood? | show 🗑
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| What is the frequency of D antigen in Whites and Blacks? | show 🗑
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| show | Dce
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| show | DCe
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| show | DcE
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| Rz | show 🗑
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| r | show 🗑
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| show | dCe
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| show | dcE
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| ry | show 🗑
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| show | R1, r, R2, R0,r', r"
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| show | R0, r, R1, R2, r'
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| show | K, Lea, Lua
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| show | K, Fya, Fyb, S, Lea, Lua, Lub
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| show | k, Fyb, s, U, I, Lub
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| Which blood antigens are most common in Blacks? (>80%) | show 🗑
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| I antigen presence | show 🗑
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| show | Trace in Adult cells
Much in Cord cells
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| show | ABO, Lewis, P1, MN, Lua
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| show | ABO, Rh Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU
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| Warm antibodies | show 🗑
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| show | M, N, P1
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| Antibodies that usually only react with AHG | show 🗑
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| Which antibody can react in any phase of testing? | show 🗑
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| Detection of antibody enhanced by enzyme treatment of test cells | show 🗑
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| show | M, N, S, Duffy
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| show | M
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| show | Rh(not D), MNS, Duffy, Kidd
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| Which antibodies bind complement? | show 🗑
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| Which antibodies cause in vitro hemolysis? | show 🗑
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| show | Kidd
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| show | deteriorates rapidly in storage
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| antibody that commonly causes anamnestic response | show 🗑
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| Define anamnestic response | show 🗑
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| Which antibody is associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria? | show 🗑
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| show | Defect in RBC membrane, makes in more susceptible to hemolysins in an acid environment. Hgb found in urine after periods of sleep.
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| Which antibody is associated with cold agglutinin disease and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections | show 🗑
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| Which antibody is associated with infectious mononucleosis? | show 🗑
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| Antibody ID Reaction: same strength and in one phase only | show 🗑
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| Antibody ID Reaction: Varying strength | show 🗑
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| Antibody ID Reaction: in different phases | show 🗑
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| show | Multiple antibodies, antibody with high frequency antigen
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| Antibody ID Reaction: All cells in AHG, autocontrol positive | show 🗑
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| show | Rouleaux
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| How long do you retain patient specimen and unit segment and what temperature do you store it at? | show 🗑
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| How many days before a transfusion must the specimen be collected for compatability testing? | show 🗑
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| show | Recipient serum and donor RBCs are tested with the IAT. Required when recipient has, or previously had, a clinically significant antibody
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| What is an abbreviated crossmatch? | show 🗑
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| What is a computer crossmatch? | show 🗑
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| What tests are done on newborns for transfusion? | show 🗑
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| show | 1-10°C, closure not broken, at least one segment left, unit inspected, records indicate blood has been reissued
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| Clinical signs of hemolytic (intravasuclar) txrxn | show 🗑
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| show | Fever, anemia, mild jaundice 2 or more days after tranfusion
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| show | Increase of temperature > or = to 1°C within 24 hours of transfusion with no other explanation
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| show | Hives
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| show | Bronchospasms
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| show | Coughing, cyanosis, difficulty breathing
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| Clinical signs of septicemia txrxn | show 🗑
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| Specimens needed for a txrxn investigation | show 🗑
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| At what gestational age is RhIG administered? | show 🗑
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| show | within 72 hours
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| show | One dose per 15 ml of D postive fetal RBCs.
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| AABB age requirement for blood donation | show 🗑
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| AABB weight requirement for blood donation | show 🗑
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| How often can you donate blood (AABB)? | show 🗑
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| show | Systolic < or =180
Diastolic < or =100
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| AABB pulse requirement | show 🗑
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| show | > or = 12.5 g/dL HGB
> or = 38% HCT
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| AABB body temp requirement | show 🗑
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| show | Apirin containing medicaitons if donor is sole source of plts
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| show | Measles, mumps, polio, or yellow fever vaccines
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| show | Rubella vaccine
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| 6 week donor deferral(AABB) | show 🗑
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| show | Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Animal bite, HBIG, Tattoo, Mucous membrane exposure to blood, Needle stick, Household or sexual contact with individual with hepatitis, sexual contact with individual with HIV, Traval to area endemic with Malaria
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| 3 year donor deferral (AABB) | show 🗑
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| Permanent donor deferral (AABB) | show 🗑
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| show | 63 ml
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| Volume of blood collected for blood unit | show 🗑
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| show | 300-404 ml; label "low volume unit" don't use to prepare platelets or plama components
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| show | When the blood volume is <300 ml
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| show | 4-10 minutes, if >15 minutes, blood may not be suitable for preparation of plts or FFP
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| Temperature of blood unit | show 🗑
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| show | ACD anticoagulant
shelf life 21 days
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| Citrate-phosphate-dextrose | show 🗑
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| show | CPDA-1
shelf life 35 days
Adenine increases adenosine disphosphate ADP
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| show | AS-1 Additive
Shelf life 42 days
Provides nutrients for improved viability
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| show | AS-2 Additive
Shelf life 35 days
Provoides nutrients for improved viability
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| Nutricel AS-3 | show 🗑
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| show | PIPA rejuvinating solution
used to salvage rare or type O units up to 3 days beyond expiration, must then be transused within 24 hours or frozen
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| Donor serological testing (AABB or FDA) | show 🗑
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| Autologous donation frequency | show 🗑
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| show | not less than 11 g/dL
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| show | 1-6°C and 35 days in CPDA-1, 42 days in AS-1
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| show | 40% glycerol: < or = -65°C
20% glycerol: < or = -120°C
1-6°C after glycerolization
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| Shelf life or RBCs frozen | show 🗑
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| Temperature and shelf life of washed RBCs | show 🗑
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| Temperature and shelf life of Leukocyte reduced RBCs | show 🗑
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| show | 1-6°C
24 hours after rejuvination if not frozen
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| Temperature and shelf life of irradiated RBCs | show 🗑
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| show | < or = -18°, After thawing 1-6°C
12 months, After thawing transfuse within 24 hours
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| show | < or = -18°C, After thawing room temperature
12 months, After thawing transfuse within 6 hours if unit is not entered, within 4 hours in pooled
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| show | 20-24°C
5 days
5 days with agitation
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| Temperature and shelf life of granulocytes | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma K+, Plasma NH3, Plasma Hgb, microaggregates
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| Decreased in stored blood | show 🗑
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| Centrifuge QC | show 🗑
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| Cell washers QC | show 🗑
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| show | Check temperature daily
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| Heat blocks QC | show 🗑
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| Refrigerators QC | show 🗑
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| show | System to monitor temperature continuously and to record temperature at least every 4 hours. Alarm system with audible signal.
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| Alarms QC | show 🗑
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| show | System to monitor temperature continuously and to record temperature at least every 4 hours. Should be 20-24°C. Check RPM periodically.
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| Pipettes and droppers QC | show 🗑
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| show | Test with positive and negative controls each day of use. Use heterozygous cells for positive controls
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| show | Check for hemolysis. Test daily with pos and neg controls
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| show | Check anti-IgG activity by testing Rh-positive cells sensitized with anti-D
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| How long should QC records be kept? | show 🗑
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| When are washed RBCs needed? | show 🗑
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| show | Anemia with history of febrile reactions
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| When are irradiated RBCs needed? | show 🗑
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| show | Deficiency of coagulation factors
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| When is cryoprecipitate needed? | show 🗑
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| show | Prevent or stop bleeding in patient with thrombocytopenia or abnormal platelet function.
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| When are granulocytes needed? | show 🗑
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| show | 12 months
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| CPDA-1 ingredients | show 🗑
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| Citrate purpose in CPDA-1 | show 🗑
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| show | Supports adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation
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| show | Substrate for ATP synthesis
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| show | Prevents excessive fall in pH during storage
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| Blood product that must be separated from whole blood and frozen within 8 hours of collection | show 🗑
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| show | By thawing FFP between 1-6°C, removing plasma, and freezing within 1 hour.
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| RBCs must be frozen in: | show 🗑
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| show | 48 hours
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| Each unit of whold blood will yield approximately how many units of cryoprecipitated AHF? | show 🗑
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| 90% of all platelet pheresis units tested contain how many platelets per ul? | show 🗑
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| show | L-fucose
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| show | 40-80%
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| show | (fetal cells/number of cells counted)x maternal blood volume
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| show | change in optical density measured at 450 nm
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