Urinary System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The condition that develops when blood levels of nitrogenous wastes reach toxic levels is called ______ | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the process of separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them from the body called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Filtration is the process of moving the blood plasma from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule, where is becomes the filtrate.
🗑
|
||||
| What's secretion? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reason: Reabsorption is the process of the filtrate leaving the renal tubule and returning to the blood plasma by way of the peritubular capillaries.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal columns
🗑
|
||||
| show | Posterior abdominal wall
🗑
|
||||
| What is a renal papilla? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | In the medulla and pointing toward the renal pelvis.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The outer portion of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 150g
🗑
|
||||
| Deepest to most superficial, list the layers of connective tissue that surround the kidney. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Uremia develops when blood levels of what reach toxic levels? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The renal pyramids make up the layer of the kidney called the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | renal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| show | renal papilla
🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys are each about the size of which of the following? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a minor calyx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which binds the kidney to the abdominal wall? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 6 to 10
🗑
|
||||
| The ______ of the kidney is the inner layer, while the ______ is the outer layer surrounding it. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the ureter
🗑
|
||||
| show | Urine
🗑
|
||||
| The ______ carries blood OUT of a glomerulus. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the renal pelvis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibrous capsule- >Perirenal fat capsule ->Renal fascia
🗑
|
||||
| About how many nephrons are in a kidney? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the renal medulla comprised of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | extensions of the cortex and divide the medulla into pyramids.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
🗑
|
||||
| show | Afferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| What's the vasa recta? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What's the Peritubular capillary? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The visceral layer and the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule are separated by ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| A nephron consists of what two parts? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal corpuscle
🗑
|
||||
| Starting at a renal papilla, sort order by urine flow | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephron loop -> Proximal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> distal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| The ____________ arteriole carries blood FROM the glomerulus into the peritubular capillaries. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | visceral, parietal
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephron
🗑
|
||||
| The renal corpuscle consists of a glomerulus and a | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which segments of the nephron loop actively transport salts? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Running from the glomerular capsule to the tip of the medullary pyramid is a series of ducts that, together, are referred to as what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The ball of capillaries inside the capsule
🗑
|
||||
| What's the vasa recta? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What's the collecting duct? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The presence of which structures in the proximal convoluted tubule cause the lining to be referred to as a brush border? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule
🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal tubule
🗑
|
||||
| show | Distal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| The visceral layer and the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule are separated by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cortical
🗑
|
||||
| show | shorter, less
🗑
|
||||
| T/F Glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma except that it contains little or no proteins. | show 🗑
|
||||
| T/F Other than plasma proteins , small substances can pass through the filtration membrane | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nephrons classified as ______ nephrons have short nephron loops and their renal corpuscles are near the kidney surface. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The glomerulus is composed of which type of capillaries? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which structure determines what solutes are able to pass from the glomerular blood into the capsular space? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The Juxtaglomerular apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Filtrate
🗑
|
||||
| The filtration pressure in the glomerulus is determined by the balance of which two pressures? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The ______ receives fluid draining from several nephrons, and carries it through the medulla to the papilla. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Blood->capsular space structures through which any filtered substance must pass in glomerular filtration. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glucose, Water, Electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| show | The surface area available for filtration and the permeability of the filtration membrane
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydrostatic
🗑
|
||||
| The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water is called its___________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the normal range for the pH of urine? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The renal pelvis of each kidney funnels urine into a tube called a | show 🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys perform which of the following functions? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys produce ______, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | As byproducts of protein catabolism
🗑
|
||||
| How do the kidneys regulate the osmolarity of the blood and blood pressure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys play a major role in the regulation of which of the following? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An increased level of blood urea nitrogen
🗑
|
||||
| The organs that function to remove metabolic waste material by filtering the blood plasma are the_______________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Calcitriol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Creatinine, Urea
🗑
|
||||
| show | By regulating water output
🗑
|
||||
| Clinically, what is the level of nitrogenous waste in the blood typically expressed as? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The condition that develops when blood levels of nitrogenous wastes reach toxic levels is called ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does the respiratory system excrete? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where is the liver located? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which kidney is lower, left or right? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The process of separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them from the body is called | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which describes the location of the kidneys? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The renal fraction is approximately what percent of the cardiac output? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | interlobar
🗑
|
||||
| The functional unit of the kidney is a | show 🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys receive about 21% of the cardiac output. This value is called the renal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, cortical radiate [Artery's]
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glomerular capsule
🗑
|
||||
| show | efferent arterioles
🗑
|
||||
| show | A functional unit of the kidney
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephron
🗑
|
||||
| The renal artery divides into a few ______ arteries. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | glomerulus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two components of the renal corpuscle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The renal pyramids of the medulla receive their blood supply from which blood vessel network? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | glomerulus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Afferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| The vasa recta is a network of blood vessels located mostly within which of the following? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal tubule
🗑
|
||||
| The ______ receives fluid draining from several nephrons, and carries it through the medulla to the papilla. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The ______ consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the fluid in the glomerular capsule formed by filtration called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The process by which water and some solutes in the blood plasma pass from the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space is called glomerular | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pedicels
🗑
|
||||
| In glomerular filtration, blood is filtered to form ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Compared to capillaries beds in the rest of the body, the hydrostatic pressure within the glomerular capillary bed is ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Filtration membrane
🗑
|
||||
| show | out of
🗑
|
||||
| show | Filtration slits
🗑
|
||||
| Within the renal corpuscle, colloid osmotic pressure (COP) forces fluid ______ the glomerular capillaries. | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does hypertension lead to kidney damage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | out of, into
🗑
|
||||
| If the glomerular filtration rate is too ______, fluid flows through the renal tubules too rapidly. Urine output will increase and electrolyte depletion may occur. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the overall pressure found at the glomerulus that determines the amount of filtration called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glomerular capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| How can hypertension damage the glomerular capillaries? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which variables affect the filtration coefficient? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decreased, increased
🗑
|
||||
| show | low
🗑
|
||||
| The ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow and GFR without nervous or hormonal control is called renal ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | myogenic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tubuloglomerular
🗑
|
||||
| An INCREASED GFR results in a(n) ______ urine volume and ______ blood volume. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the three components of the juxtaglomular apparatus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The GFR is held steady regardless of changes in the mean arterial pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| Juxtaglomerular cells; | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dilate/constrict glomerular capillariesDilate/constrict glomerular capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| Macula densa | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Afferent arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| Sympathetic innervation of the renal blood vessels ______ glomerular filtration rate. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glomerular capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| show | renin
🗑
|
||||
| show | juxtaglomerular
🗑
|
||||
| show | between the arterioles and amongst the glomerular capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| Juxtaglomerular cells are smooth | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epithelial cells at the end of the nephron loop
🗑
|
||||
| show | Granular cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | sympathetic
🗑
|
||||
| show | decreased
🗑
|
||||
| The enzyme ______ converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What activates the renin-angiotensin mechanism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sodium
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased release of ADH->Increased secretion of aldosterone->Stimulated thirst
🗑
|
||||
| show | peritubular
🗑
|
||||
| Production of angiotensin II is important in the response to a(n) ______ in the mean arterial blood pressure. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| How does activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism affect blood pressure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which structures increase the absorptive area of proximal convoluted tubule cells? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sodium
🗑
|
||||
| In the kidney, the process by which fluid and solutes from the tubular fluid are reclaimed and returned to the blood is called tubular ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which result from activation of the renin-angiotensin system? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction of which of the following? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Antidiuretic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Proximal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tight junctions
🗑
|
||||
| In the kidney, tubular reabsorption refers to the movement of fluid and solutes where? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Angiotensin II
🗑
|
||||
| show | Facilitated diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Solvent drag
🗑
|
||||
| Regarding nitrogenous wastes, the PCT reabsorbs most of the ______, but none of the ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where does most tubular reabsorption take place? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Water is reabsorbed through specialized water channels called ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sodium is transported into the cells of the PCT by a protein that simultaneously moves it and another solute in the same direction. This type of transport protein is called a(n) ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the mechanisms of peritubular capillary absorption? | show 🗑
|
||||
| T/F : Normally very little glucose is reabsorbed from the tubular fluid and is therefore lost in the urine. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fluid and solutes reabsorbed in the PCT are picked up by which capillary bed? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The nephron reabsorbs how much urea from the tubular fluid? | show 🗑
|
||||
| When the transporters within the proximal convoluted tubule are saturated and no additional solute can be reabsorbed,which of the following has been reached? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The PCT reabsorbs water at a constant rate known as what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The movement of water and solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| The accumulation of reabsorbed fluid on the basal side of the epithelial cells creates a high tissue fluid pressure that drives water ______ the peritubular capillaries. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance through the tubular secretion of which molecules? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The capillaries pick up fluid and solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which solutes are reabsorbed from the nephron loop? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which defines the transport maximum? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Aspirin, penicillin, and other drugs are cleared from the blood via the kidneys by which of the following processes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The reabsorption of water and salts
🗑
|
||||
| Aldosterone increases reabsorption of the electrolyte __________ while increasing secretion of the electrolyte _______________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ammonia, bile acids, urea
🗑
|
||||
| Which is an effect of atrial natriuretic peptide? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ECF osmotic gradient that allows for what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Natriuretic peptides, Aldosterone, Antidiuretic hormone
🗑
|
||||
| The hormone _______ causes increased reabsorption of sodium (and the water that follows) and secretion of potassium from the later segments of the renal tubule. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ADH
🗑
|
||||
| Which leads to an increased secretion of natriuretic peptides? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of parathyroid hormone on the kidneys? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the role of the collecting ducts? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | aquaporins
🗑
|
||||
| show | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Which segment of the renal tubule acts as a countercurrent multiplier? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Parathyroid hormone acts on the proximal convoluted tubule to inhibit ______ reabsorption and on the distal convoluted tubule to increase ______ reabsorption. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It allows the production of very concentrated urine.
🗑
|
||||
| Hormones can alter the amount of water reabsorbed during urine production, allowing the production of either concentrated or dilute urine. This is the role of the _______________duct. | show 🗑
|
||||
| As fluid flows down the water-permeable descending limb of the nephron loop, the osmolarity of the tubular fluid is ______. | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does antidiuretic hormone affect the permeability of the collecting ducts to water? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- from the ascending limb of nephron loop
🗑
|
||||
| The _____________ within the medulla of the kidney acts as a countercurrent exchanger. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The __________ loop of the nephron acts as a countercurrent multiplier. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The osmolarity of the ECF deep in the renal medulla is ______ than that of the ECF of the renal cortex. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The color of urine is due to the presence of a pigment called ______, produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin. | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does the ascending limb of the nephron loop shift sodium, potassium, and chloride into the ECF? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | polyuria
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
2858632291114089
Popular Biology sets