Physiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chpt 2: The units of matter that form all chemical substances | Atoms
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Each type of atom - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, | Chemical element
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2:Protons, neutrons, electrons | Chemical properties of atoms - (3 subatomic particles)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Center of the atom containing the protons and neutrons | Atomic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The specific number of protons distinguishing one type of atom from another | Atomic numbers
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A scale indicating an atom's mass relative to the mass of other atoms | Atomic weight
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Multiple forms of chemical elements differing in the number of neutrons they contain | Isotopes
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The amount of an element, in grams, equal to the numerical value of its atomic weight | Gram atomic mass (Note: One gram atomic mass of any element contains the same number of atoms)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Minerals present in the body in extremely small quantities | Trace element
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Two or more atoms bonded together | Molecule
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The strongest chemical bond between two atoms | Covalent bond
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The four most abundant atoms in the body | Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Diagrammed molecule of water | H-O-H
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Diagrammed molecule of carbon dioxide | O=C=O
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: An atom gains or loses one or more electrons, acquiring a net electric charge becomes an... | Ion
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Ions that have a net positive charge | Cations
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Ions that have a net negative charge | Anions
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Ionic forms of mineral elements are collectively referred to as... | Electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Within molecules, two commonly encountered groups of atoms that undergo ionization | Carboxyl group (-COOH) and Amino group (-NH2)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: An atom containing a single (unpaired) electron in it's outermost orbital | Free radical
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Free radicals are unstable molecules that can react with other atoms through this process | Oxidation
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A covalent chemical bond in which two electrons are shared unequally between two atoms; atom to which the electrons are drawn becomes slightly negative, while other atom becomes slightly positive | Polar covalent bond
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Molecules containing significant numbers of polar bonds or ionized groups | Polar molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Molecules composed predominantly of electrically neutral bonds | Non-polar molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The electrical attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond in one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen atom in a polar bond of another molecule | Hydrogen bond
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Out of every 100 molecules how many are water? | 99
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The breaking of a chemical bond with addition of elements of water (-H and -OH) to the products formed | Hydrolysis
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Type of chemical reaction in which two smaller molecules, such as amino acids, are joined to form a larger molecule; a single molecule of water is lost in the process | Dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Substance dissolved in a liquid | Solute
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Liquid (solvent) containing dissolved substances (solutes) | Solution
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Strong electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions | Ionic bond
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Attracted to, and easily dissolved in, water | Hydrophilic
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Not attracted to, and insoluble in, water | Hydrophobic
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A molecule containing polar or ionized groups at one end and non-polar groups at the other | Amphipathic
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Amount of material per unit volume of solution | Concentration
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The ability of water to dissolve sodium chloride crystals depends upon... | The electrical attraction between the polar water molecules and the charged sodium and chloride ions
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Sum of atomic weights of all atoms in molecule | Molecular weight
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Weight of a substance in grams equal to its molecular weight | Mol; 1 mol = 6x10^23 molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Molecule capable of releasing a hydrogen ion; solution having an H+ concentration greater than that of pure water (that is, pH less than 7) | Acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Any molecule that can combine with H+; (nucleotide) molecular ring of carbon and nitrogen that, with a phosphate group and a sugar, constitutes a nucleotide (that is a pH greater than 7) | Base
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Acid that ionizes completely to form hydrogen ions and corresponding anions when dissolved in water | Strong acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Acid whose molecules do not completely ionize to form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water | Weak acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A solution that is neither basic not acidic (pH 7.0) | Neutral solution
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Any solution having H+ concentration lower than that of pure water (that is, having a pH greater than 7) | Alkaline solution
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Any solution with a pH less than 7.0 | Acidic solution
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: 4 Major categories of organic molecules in the body | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Large molecule formed by linking together smaller similar subunits | Polymer
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Substance composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen according to general formula Cn(H2O)n, where n is any whole number | Carbohydrate
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Carbohydrate consisting of one sugar molecule, which generally contains five or six carbon atoms | Monosaccharide
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Major monosaccharide in the body; a six carbon sugar, C6H12O6; (aka: Blood sugar) | Glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Any five carbon monosaccharide | Pentose
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A six carbon sugar, like glucose | Hexose
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Carbohydrate molecule composed of two monosaccharides | Disaccharide
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; (aka: table sugar) | Sucrose
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Large carbohydrate formed by linking monosaccharide subunits together | Polysaccharide
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose subunits; major carbohydrate storage form in the body | Glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Molecule composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen and characterized by insolubility in water | Lipid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Carbon chain with carboxyl group at one end through which chain can be linked to glycerol to form triglycerides | Fatty acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Fatty acid whose carbon atoms are all linked by single covalent bonds | Saturated fatty acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Fatty acid containing one or more double bonds | Unsaturated fatty acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Fatty acid that contains more than one double bond | Polyunsaturated fatty acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A fatty acid, such as oleic acid, in which one carbon-carbon double bond is formed within the hydrocarbon chain due to the removal of two hydrogen atoms | Monounsaturated fatty acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Chemically altered fatty acids | Trans fatty acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Subclass of lipids composed of glycerol and three fatty acids; (aka: fat, neutral fat or acylglycerol | Triglyceride
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Three-carbon carbohydrate; forms backbone of triglyceride | Glycerol
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Lipid subclass similar to triglyceride except that a phosphate group and small nitrogen-containing molecule are attached to third hydroxyl group of glycerol; major component of cell membranes | Phospholipid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Lipid subclass; molecule consists of four interconnected carbon rings to which polar groups may be attached | Steroid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Large polymer consisting of one or more sequences of amino acid subunits joined by peptide bonds | Protein
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Molecule containing amino group, carboxyl group, and side chain attached to a carbon atom; molecular subunit of protein | Amino acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The variable portions of amino acids; may contain acidic or basic charged regions, or may be hydrophobic | Amino acid side chain
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Polar covalent chemical bond joining the aminoand carboxyl groups of two amino acids; forms protein backbone | Peptide bond
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Polymer consisting of amino acid subunits joined by peptide bonds | Polypeptide
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Short polypeptide chain; by convention, having less than 50 amino acids | Peptide
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Protein containing covalently linked carbohydrates | Glycoprotein
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Two variables determine the primary structure of a polypeptide: | 1.) The number of amino acids in the chain, and 2.) the specific type of amino acid at each position along the chain
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Three-dimensional shape of a molecule | Conformation
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Weak attractive forces between non-polar regions of molecules | van der Waals forces
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Coiled regions of proteins or DNA formed by hydrogen bonds | Alpha helix
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A form of secondary protein structure determined by the relative hydrophobicity of amino acid side chains | Beta sheet
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The helical and beta sheet structure of a protein | Secondary protein structure
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The three-dimensional folded structure of a protein formed by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic attractions, electrostatic interactions, and cysteine cross-bridges | Tertiary protein structure
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Formed when two or more proteins associate with each other by hydrogen bonds and other forces; the individual proteins are then termed subunits | Quaternary protein structure
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A protein in which two or more proteins are associated via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic attractions, and other forces, to yield a single, larger protein | Multimeric protein
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Any change in base sequence of DNA that changes genetic information | Mutation
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Nucleotide polymer in which phosphate of one nucleotide is linked to the sugar of the adjacent one; stores and transmits genetic information; includes DNA and RNA | Nucleic acid
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information; consists of double strand of nucleotide subunits that contain deoxyribose | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Single-stranded nucleic acid involved in transcription of genetic information and translation of that information into a protein structure; contains the sugar ribose. | Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Molecular subunit of nucleic acid; purine or pyrimidine base, sugar and phosphate | Nucleotide
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Double-ring, nitrogen-containing subunit of nucleotide; adenine or guanine | Purine
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Single-ring, nitrogen containing subunit of nucleotide; cytosine, thymine, or uracil | Pyrimidine
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Major molecule that transfers energy from metabolism to cell functions during its breakdown to ADP and release of P1 | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Two-phosphate product of ATP breakdown | Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: A molecule that loses an electron to a free radical... | Becomes a free radical itself
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: Of the bonding forces between atoms and molecules, which are the strongest? | Covalent bonds are the strongest
🗑
|
||||
| Chpt 2: The process by which monomers of organic molecules are made into larger units... | Results in the generation of water molecules
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
oneirishgirl
Popular Physiology sets