2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.10, 2.11
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| Malthusian Theory | Theory that population will grow exponentially while food output will not. This would result in a food shortage and famine due to overpopulation. Malthus said governments should intervene.
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| Neo-Malthusian Theory | Theory that shows concerns about sustainable use of the environment - the earth’s resources cannot only sustain a finite (limited) population. Looks at more than just food output (unlike original malthusian theory).
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| Pronatalist Theory | Government programs designed to increase the fertility rate and accelerate population growth.
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| Anti Natalist Theory | Government programs designed to decrease the fertility rate and slow down population growth.
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| Immigration Policies | Policies that look to control the population through laws targeting migration.
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| Ravenstein's Laws of Migration | Patterns and trends found in migration and migrants.
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| Migration | The permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another.
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| Push Factor | Negative circumstances, events, or conditions present in a location that causes people to move away.
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| Pull Factor | Positive conditions and circumstances of a location that encourages people to move to that place.
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| Intervening Obstacle | Barriers that hold migrants back from continuing to travel.
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| ESPeN hD | Economic, Social, Political, and Environmental, and Demographic causes and effects of migration.
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| Forced Migration | People relocate due to fears of violence or survival.
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| Refugee | Someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence.
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| Internally Displaced Person | Someone who has been forced to flee their home but never crosses an international border.
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| Asylum Seeker | When people flee their own country and seek sanctuary in another country.
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| Voluntary Migration | People migrate due to their own choices.
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| Transnational Migration | Migration from one country to another country.
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| Transhumance | Traditional migration of nomadic herders that move their livestock from high elevations in the summer and lower elevations in the winter.
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| Internal Migration | Migrants that travel within a country’s borders. Much more likely than transnational migration.
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| Chain Migration | Immigrants migrate to a location based off of the recommendation of or reunification with family members, friends, or community members that have previously migrated to that location.
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| Step Migration | Migration typically occurs in steps, migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller movements.
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| Guest Worker | Migrants who travel internationally in order to find work as temporary laborers - typically a short period of time because the jobs cannot be filled by a country’s own labor force.
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| Rural-to-Urban Migration | Most typical kind of migration trend, up to 55% of people live in urban areas today.
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| Boserup's Theory | Counter to what Malthus said, Boserup claimed that as population increases, humans will develop new technologies to also increase production of food supply.
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