AP Govt. CPHS Chap. 7
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| Bicameral Legislature | A legislature divided into two houses; the U.S. congress and the State Legislatures are bicameral except Nebraska, which is unicameral
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| Apportionment | The proportional process of allotting congressional seats to each state following the decennial census.
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| Redistricting | The redrawing of congressional districts to rflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states, as well as population shifts within a state.
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| Bill | A proposed law
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| Impeachment | The power delgated to the Hosue of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, vice president, or other "civil officers," including federal judges, with "Treason, Brivery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
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| Speaker of the House | The only officer of the Hosue of Representatives specifically mentioned in the Constitution; elected at the beginning of each new Congress by the entire House; traditionally a member of the majority party.
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| Majority Party | The political party in each house of Congress with the most members.
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| Minority Party | The political party in each house of Congress with the second most members.
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| Party Caucus or Conference | A formal gathering of all party members
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| Majority Leader | The elected leader of the party controlling the most seats in the House of Representatives or the Senate; is second in authority to the speaker of the House and in the Senate is regarded as its most powerful member.
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| Minority Leader | The elected leader of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the House aof Representatives or the Senate.
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| Whip | One of several representatives who keep close contact with all members and take nose counts on key votes, prepare summaries of bills, and in general act as communications links within the party.
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| Standing Committee | Committee to which proposed bills are referred.
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| Joint Committee | Includes members from both houses of Congress; conducts investigations or special studies.
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| Conference Committee | Joint committee created to iron out differences between Senate and Hosue versions of a specific piece of legislation.
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| Select (or special) Committee | Temporary committee appointed for specific purpose, such as conducting a special investigation or study.
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| Discharge Petition | Petition that gives a majority of the House of Representatives the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction.
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| Pork | Legislation that allows representatives to bring home the bacon to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs designed to benefit their districts directly.
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| Seniority | Time of continuous service on a committee.
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| Incumbency | The fact that being in office helps a person stay in office because of a variety of benefits that go with the position.
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| Trustee | Role played by elected representatives who listen to constituents' opinions and then use their best judgment to make final decidions.
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| Delegate | Role played by elected representatives who vote the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinions.
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| Politico | Role played by elected representatives who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue.
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| Divided Government | The political condition in which different political parties control the White House and Congress.
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| Logrolling | Vote trading; voting yea to support a colleague's bill in return for a promise of future support.
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| Filibuster | A formal way of halting action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate in the Senate.
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| Cloture | Mechanism requiring sixty senators to vote to cut off debate.
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| Veto | Formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of the legislative body, thus preventing their becoming law without further congressional activity.
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| Pocket veto | If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, without the president's signature, the bill is considered vetoed.
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| Oversight | Congressional review of the activities of an agency, department, or office.
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| Congressional Review | A process whereby Congress can nullify agency regulations by a joint resolution of legislative disapproval.
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| War Powers Act | Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives approval for longer periods
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