physiology Final
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| Intrinsic control: | is sometimes called autoregulation.
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| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus
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| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | occurrence, distribution and transmission
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| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule.
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| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steroids
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| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | phospholipid and steroid
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| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phosphate
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| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation
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| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
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| Diffusion requires: | a concentration gradient.
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| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase
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| Which of the following is not true of RNA? | It contains deoxyribose sugar
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| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: | active transport.
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| Which of the following statements is true? | The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
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| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
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| A sequence of three bases forms a(n) | codon
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| Transcription can be best described as the | synthesis of mRNA.
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| Which of the following is not true of diffusion? | Uses cellular energy
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| All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: | chromosome number remains at 46
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| Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue? | Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes
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| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | basale
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| Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? | Brown fat
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| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblasts and osteoclasts
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| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the epiphyses? | Cylindrical in shape
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| The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: | endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
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| Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. | epiphyseal plate
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| In bone growth, the medullary cavity is enlarged because of the activity of: | osteoclasts
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| In bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the | osteoblasts
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| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones | parathyroid and calcitonin
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| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. | 35 and 40
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| The ulna articulates proximally with the: | humerus
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| The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimuli is called | irritability
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| The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint | hinge
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| The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the | shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones.
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| The largest and most frequently injured joint is the: | knee
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| Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? | The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron, the more precise the movements of that muscle can be.
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| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin
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| The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is | iron
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| In the structure called a triad, the T-tubule is sandwiched between | sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period
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| Which of the following terms describes an isometric contraction? | Static tension
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| Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? | Saddle
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| The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for cross-bridging is: | myosin
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| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint | biaxial
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| The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is | some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open
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| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane
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| Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters? | Triglycerides
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| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | amines
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| Which of the following antidepressants acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? | Phenelzine
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| Which of the following is true of spatial summation? | Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron
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| Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to | initiate an action potential
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| When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called | saltatory conduction
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| Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the | choroid plexuses
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| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | sensory perception
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| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the | medulla
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| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway | willed movement
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| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | Lateral corticospinal
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| The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False
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| Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the _____ nerve | trigeminal
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| The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the: | cerebellum
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| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum | thalamus
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| Norepinephrine is liberated at: | most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
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| The type of cells that secrete ACTH are | corticotrophs
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| Which of the following is not true of a receptor potential | It follows the all-or-none law
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| Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or “crude” sensation awareness | Thalamus
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| The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is: | protein kinases activate other enzymes
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| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: | permissiveness
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| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA
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| The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: | anterior pituitary
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| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as | fibrinolysis
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| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte
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| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus
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| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity | cell-mediated
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| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis
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| A drop in the body’s production of carbonic anhydrase would hinder the formation of: | carbonic acid.
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| Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg | 760
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| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. | 160
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| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150
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| One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen? | 20%
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| The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a: | monosaccharide
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| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as | amylase
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| Bicarbonates are useful in the GI tract to | neutralize hydrochloric acid
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| Hydrolysis refers to: | using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones
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| The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is | secretin
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| Which of the following pairs are almost identical when compared chemically | Plasma and interstitial fluid
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| Which of the following is a true statement? | Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41.
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| If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete _____ urine. | more hydrogen ions from blood to
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| Which of the following is not considered a “transcellular fluid” | Lymph
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| Edema may occur when | All of the above
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| Which of the following is not a method used for parenteral administration? | By mouth
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| Which of the following substances is released by the juxtaglomerular cells? | Renin
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| In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about _____ for males and _____ for females | 60%; 50%
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| Which of the following is a part of the supporting structures of the male reproductive system? | Scrotum
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| Which of the following is not a function of the Sertoli cells? | They produce testosterone
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| Which of the following is not true of FSH? | It stimulates the secretion of testosterone.
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| The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs between the expulsion of the ovum from the ovary and the onset of menses is the _____ phase | luteal
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| A high blood concentration of estrogens | stimulates epithelial cells of the endometrium to proliferate
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| The increase in blood estrogens during the postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle produces all of the following changes in the uterus except | decreased myometrial contractions
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| Which of the following is not a function of the ovary? | It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
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| The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is the same as the: | postmenstrual phase
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