Terms and Definitions for first exam in BIO 181
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | The study of life
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| show | Organism with cells that have nuclei and membrance-bound organsims
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| show | Single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
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| Unicellular | show 🗑
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| show | Organisms that are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions.
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| Homeostasis | show 🗑
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| show | The process of gradual change in a population or species over time
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| show | A process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than other individuals.
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| Atoms | show 🗑
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| show | Group of all atoms that have the same number of protons
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| Isotopes | show 🗑
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| Atomic Number | show 🗑
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| Mass Number | show 🗑
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| show | Actual mass of an atom
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| Ion | show 🗑
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| show | Chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions).
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| show | Type of strong bond formed between two atoms of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms.
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| Hydrogen Bond | show 🗑
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| show | Describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water.
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| show | Describes uncharged nonpolar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water.
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| show | Chemical species in which the distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even.
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| show | Intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water, responsible for surface tension.
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| show | Attraction between water molecules and other molecules
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| Matter | show 🗑
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| show | Required in only small amounts and essential to life
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| Protons | show 🗑
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| Neutrons | show 🗑
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| Electrons | show 🗑
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| show | Substance that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
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| show | Substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements.
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| Surface Tension | show 🗑
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| show | Substance capable of dissolving another substance
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| Solute | show 🗑
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| Solution | show 🗑
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| show | Biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; serves as energy sources and structural support in cells and forms arthropods’ exoskeleton.
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| Monosaccharide | show 🗑
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| Disaccharide | show 🗑
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| Polysaccharide | show 🗑
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| Dehydration Synthesis Reaction | show 🗑
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| show | Causes a breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules by utilizing water.
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| Lipids | show 🗑
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| Protein | show 🗑
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| Nucleic Acids | show 🗑
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| show | Monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base
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| show | A protein’s monomer; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen and an R group or side chain is attached: R group is different for having 20 common amino acids.
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| show | Similar sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates
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| show | Smallest unit or monomer of carbohydrates
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| show | Many molecules are part of a chain
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| show | Basic physical and functional unit; made up of DNA
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| Structure of RNA | show 🗑
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| Structure of DNA | show 🗑
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| show | A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.
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| Prokaryote Cell | show 🗑
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| Eukaryote Cell | show 🗑
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| show | Cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs ribosome and protein synthesis.
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| Protists | show 🗑
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| Bacteria | show 🗑
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| Archaea | show 🗑
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| show | Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis
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| show | Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals ), and stores calcium ions.
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| show | Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
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| The Golgi Apparatus | show 🗑
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| Vacuoles | show 🗑
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| show | Plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
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| show | (singular = mitochondrion) cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in producing ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule
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| show | a type of symbiosis which one organism lives inside the other, two of them typically behaving as a single organism
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| Endosymbiosis Theory | show 🗑
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