Help
Options
Term
Biology
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Term
Eukaryote
Remaining cards (66)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO 181 Exam 1
Terms and Definitions for first exam in BIO 181
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biology | The study of life |
| Eukaryote | Organism with cells that have nuclei and membrance-bound organsims |
| Prokaryote | Single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane. |
| Unicellular | Organism made up of only one cell that carries out all functions needed by the organism. |
| Multicellular | Organisms that are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions. |
| Homeostasis | Ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions |
| Evolution | The process of gradual change in a population or species over time |
| Natural Selection | A process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than other individuals. |
| Atoms | Smallest stable units of matter |
| Element | Group of all atoms that have the same number of protons |
| Isotopes | Atoms whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom |
| Mass Number | Protons + Neutrons |
| Atomic Weight | Actual mass of an atom |
| Ion | Atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons. |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions). |
| Covalent Bond | Type of strong bond formed between two atoms of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms. |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules |
| Hydrophilic | Describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water. |
| Hydrophobic | Describes uncharged nonpolar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water. |
| Polar Molecule | Chemical species in which the distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even. |
| Cohesion | Intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water, responsible for surface tension. |
| Adhesion | Attraction between water molecules and other molecules |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and occupies space |
| Trace Elements | Required in only small amounts and essential to life |
| Protons | Positively charged particle that resides in the atom’s nucleus; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1 |
| Neutrons | Uncharged particle that resides in an atom’s nucleus; has a mass of one amu |
| Electrons | Negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of -1 unit. |
| Buffer | Substance that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen and hydroxide ions. |
| Compounds | Substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements. |
| Surface Tension | Tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the liquid’s molecules. |
| Solvent | Substance capable of dissolving another substance |
| Solute | A substance that can be dissolved by a solvent to create a solution |
| Solution | Homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute molecules |
| Carbohydrates | Biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; serves as energy sources and structural support in cells and forms arthropods’ exoskeleton. |
| Monosaccharide | Single unit or monomer of carbohydrate |
| Disaccharide | Two sugar monomers that a glycosidic bond links |
| Polysaccharide | Long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched |
| Dehydration Synthesis Reaction | A reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water molecule for each bond formed. |
| Hydrolysis Reaction | Causes a breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules by utilizing water. |
| Lipids | Macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water |
| Protein | Biological macromolecule comprised of one or more amino acid chains |
| Nucleic Acids | Biological macromolecule that carries the cell’s genetic blueprint and carries instructions for the cell’s functioning. |
| Nucleotides | Monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base |
| Amino Acids | A protein’s monomer; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen and an R group or side chain is attached: R group is different for having 20 common amino acids. |
| Glucose | Similar sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates |
| Monomer | Smallest unit or monomer of carbohydrates |
| Polymers | Many molecules are part of a chain |
| Gene | Basic physical and functional unit; made up of DNA |
| Structure of RNA | Consists of ribose nucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds, forming strands of varying lengths. Bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil |
| Structure of DNA | A molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. Passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction |
| Nitrogenous Base | A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. |
| Prokaryote Cell | Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle |
| Eukaryote Cell | Cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs |
| Nucleus | Cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs ribosome and protein synthesis. |
| Protists | Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus |
| Bacteria | Type of cell that has a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms |
| Archaea | Any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms that have distinct molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria as well as from eukaryotes |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals ), and stores calcium ions. |
| Ribosomes | Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis |
| The Golgi Apparatus | Eukaryotic organelle comprised of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution |
| Vacuoles | Membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport. |
| Chloroplast | Plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | (singular = mitochondrion) cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in producing ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule |
| Endosymbiosis | a type of symbiosis which one organism lives inside the other, two of them typically behaving as a single organism |
| Endosymbiosis Theory | where there are three different pieces of evidence that very well explains that theory. |
Created by:
johnnyharrod13
Popular Biology sets