This StudyStack covers Human Geography Unit 3: Ch. 7 vocabulary.
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| Religion | System of beliefs that order life in terms of ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities.
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| Secularism | Indifference to or rejection of religion.
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| Monotheistic religion | Belief in one G-D.
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| Polytheistic religion | Belief in many G-Ds.
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| Animistic religions | Traditional or indigenous religion where animals or objects are significant.
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| Universalizing religions | A religion believed by its followers to have universal application and to which followers actively seek converts.
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| Ethnic religions | A religion into which people are born and whose followers do not actively seek converts.
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| Hinduism | Religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation. This began around 2000 BCE and does not have a single founder. Hearth in Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan).
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| Caste system | Social structure of South Asian society dating to the Indus civilization (2500-1800 BCE) where people are born into their place in society.
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| Buddhism | Religion based on the belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path. Splintered from Hinduism in the 6th century BCE. Hearth in Lumbini and Sarnath (present-day Nepal/India).
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| Shintoism | Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.
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| Feng Shui | Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities. Structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi ("life-breath") in favorable ways.
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| Confucianism | Political philosophy that values benevolence, loyalty, and diligence within the structure of the fam. and the gov. Developed: writings of Confucius in 6th-5th centuries BCE. Hearth: China; traditionally thought of: one of core elements of Asian culture.
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| Judaism | Religion based on the belief in one G-D who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham. Dates back to 2000 BCE. Hearth in present-day Israel.
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| Diaspora | Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force.
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| Zionism | Movement of the establishment of a national homeland for the Jews in the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.
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| Christianity | Religion based on the belief that Jesus was born as the son of G-D, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples' sins. Developed out of Judaism in 1st century CE. Bethlehem and Jerusalem (present-day Palestine/Israel).
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| Roman Catholic Church | One of the three major branches of Christianity (together with the Eastern Orthodox and Protestant).
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| Eastern Orthodox Church | One of the three major branches of Christianity (with Roman Catholic and Protestant).
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| Protestant | One of the three major branches of Christianity (together with Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic).
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| Islam | Religion based on the belief in one G-D who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad. Dates back to the 7th century CE. Hearth in Mecca and Medina in present-day Saudi Arabia.
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| Sunni | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad's successor did not need to be a blood relative of Muhammad.
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| Shi'ite | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad's successor needed to be a blood relative of Muhammad. Found commonly in and around Iran.
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| Indigenous religions | Belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group.
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| Sacred sites | A place infused with religious or spiritual meaning.
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| Hajj | Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad.
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| Interfaith boundaries | Boundaries between the world's major faiths.
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| Intrafaith boundaries | Boundaries between sects within a single major faith.
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| Religious fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy.
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| Religious extremism | Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence.
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| Jihad | Commonly translated as "Holy War," this represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran.
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