Ch 7: Microbial Genetics
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| Ames test | Ames test
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| Anticodon | Portion of tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA
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| Auxotrophs | A mutant organism that requires a particular additional nutrient which the wild-type strain does not.
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| Base-excision repair | A method of DNA repair where an enzyme system removes the incorrect base and fills in the gap
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| Carcinogens | Cancer-causing agents
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| Chromosome | A circular molecule of DNA associated with protein and RNA molecules
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| Codon | Triplets of mRNA nucleotides that code for specific amino acids
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| Conjugation | Plasmid genes are transferred from a living donor cell to a recipient cell via direct contact
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| Genes | Specific sequences of nucleotides that code for RNA or polypeptide molecules
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| Genetics | The study of inheritance and inheritable traits
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| Genome | The sum of all the genetic material in a cell or virus
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| Genotype | Actual set of genes in an organisms genome
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| Horizontal gene transfer | General term where DNA from a donor cell is transmitted to a recipient cell
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| Inducible operons | Type of operon that is not normally transcribed until activated by inducers
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| Lagging strand | New DNA strand that is discontinuously synthesized in a direction away from the replication fork in series of short fragments
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| Leading strand | New DNA strand that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork.
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| Missense mutation | A mutation in which what gets transcribed and translated makes sense, but not the right sense
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| Mutagen | Physical or chemical agent that causes a mutation in DNA
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| Mutation | A heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
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| Nonsense mutation | A base-pair substitution changes an amino acid codon into a stop codon
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| Nucleotide analogs | Compounds that are structurally similar to normal nucleotides but, when incorporated into DNA, may interfere with DNA polymerase function or cause base-pair mismatching
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| Operon | A series of genes controlled by one regulatory gene
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| Phenotype | The physical and functional traits expressed by an organism's genes
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| Plasmids | Extrachromosomal DNA molecules
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| Point mutations | Mutations in which one nucleotide base pair is affected
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| Pyrimidine dimers | Adjacent pyrimidine bases to bond to one another
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| Quorum sensing | Cells detect molecules and synthesize new proteins in response to the signals
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| Recombination | Refers to the exchange of nucleotide sequences between two DNA molecules
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| Repressible operons | Type of operon that is continually transcribed until deactivated by repressors
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| Revertants | Cells that have regained wild-type phenotype
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| RNA polymerase | An enzyme that binds to a specific region of DNA called a promoter
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| RNA primer | Molecules for DNA polymerase to use during DNA replication.
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| Silent mutations | A mutation where the substitution does not change the amino acid sequence
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| Transcription | Process that produces a complementary RNA copy of the gene
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| Transduction | A bacteriophage carries DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell
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| Transformation | A recipient cell takes up DNA from the environment
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| Translation | The process used to synthesize polypeptides
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| Transposons | DNA segments that contains palindromic sequences known as inverted repeats (IR) at each end
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| Vertical gene transfer | Transmission of genes from parents to offspring
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| Wild-type | Cells normally found in nature are called __________
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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