Muscles of the Tongue
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| Function of Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? | These muscles serve to anchor the tongue, add to tongue bulk, aid in tongue movement
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| What are the Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? | Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, and palatoglossus
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| Genioglossus: Description? | Forms bulk of the tongue tissue; largest and strongest tongue muscle
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| Genioglossus: Origin? | Origin: Mental Spines
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| Genioglossus: Course? | Some fibers course inferiorly to hyoid; remainder fan out to tongue dorsum
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| Genioglossus: Insertion? | Some fibers insert into tongue dorsum, some into hyoid
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| Genioglossus: Function? | Posterior fibers will pull whole tongue forward to protrude tip; anterior fibers will retract tongue;all fibers together will draw tongue downward
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| Styloglosssus: Origin? | Styloid process of the temporal bone
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| Styloglosssus: Course? | Radiates into a fan-shaped muscle, courses inferiorly and anteriorly
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| Styloglosssus: Insertion? | Some fibers insert into the sides of the tongue near the dorsum; rest blend with fibers of hyoglossus
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| Styloglosssus: Function? | Draws tongue up and back, antagonist to genioglossus; May also draw sides of tongue up to produce a trough
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| Hyoglossus: Origin? | Origin: Body and greater horn of hyoid
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| Hyoglossus: Course? | Vertically and sightly divergent
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| Hyoglossus: Insertion? | Insertion: lateral tissue of posterior 1/2 of tongue; fibers become continuous with palatoglossus
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| Hyoglossus: Function? | Retract and depress tongue
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| Palatoglossus: Origin? | Origin: Lower surface of the palatal aponeuroses , interwoven with other fibers
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| Palatoglossus: Course? | Inferior
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| Palatoglossus: Insertion? | Insertion: sides of tongue
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| Palatoglossus: Function? | May pull palate down or sides of tongue up
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| Names of the Intrinsic Tongue Muscles? | Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Transverse, and Vertical
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| Superior Longitudinal: Origin? | fibrous tissue close to root of tongue; median fibrous septum
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| Superior Longitudinal: Course and insertion? | Anteriorly/Insertion: fibrous membrane at edges of tongue
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| Inferior Longitudinal: Function | Shortens tongue and/or pulls down tip
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| Superior Longitudinal: Function? | Shortens tongue, turns tip up, may also contribute to trough formation
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| Inferior Longitudinal: Origin? | Origin: root of tongue and perhaps hyoid
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| Inferior Longitudinal: Course and Insertion? | Anteriorly/blends with othe fibers from root to tip
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| Transverse: Origin and Course? | Median fibrous septum/Laterally
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| Transverse: Insertion? | Insertion: Fibrous tissue at lateral margin of tongue
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| Transverse: Function? | Narrows and elongates the tongue
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| Vertical: Origin? | Muccous membrane of tongue dorsum
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| Vertical: Course? | Vertically downward and lateral
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| Vertical: Insertion? | Insertion: Sides and inferior surface of tongue
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| Vertical: Function? | Flattens tongue
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