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Speech Pathology
Muscles of the Tongue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? | These muscles serve to anchor the tongue, add to tongue bulk, aid in tongue movement |
| What are the Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? | Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, and palatoglossus |
| Genioglossus: Description? | Forms bulk of the tongue tissue; largest and strongest tongue muscle |
| Genioglossus: Origin? | Origin: Mental Spines |
| Genioglossus: Course? | Some fibers course inferiorly to hyoid; remainder fan out to tongue dorsum |
| Genioglossus: Insertion? | Some fibers insert into tongue dorsum, some into hyoid |
| Genioglossus: Function? | Posterior fibers will pull whole tongue forward to protrude tip; anterior fibers will retract tongue;all fibers together will draw tongue downward |
| Styloglosssus: Origin? | Styloid process of the temporal bone |
| Styloglosssus: Course? | Radiates into a fan-shaped muscle, courses inferiorly and anteriorly |
| Styloglosssus: Insertion? | Some fibers insert into the sides of the tongue near the dorsum; rest blend with fibers of hyoglossus |
| Styloglosssus: Function? | Draws tongue up and back, antagonist to genioglossus; May also draw sides of tongue up to produce a trough |
| Hyoglossus: Origin? | Origin: Body and greater horn of hyoid |
| Hyoglossus: Course? | Vertically and sightly divergent |
| Hyoglossus: Insertion? | Insertion: lateral tissue of posterior 1/2 of tongue; fibers become continuous with palatoglossus |
| Hyoglossus: Function? | Retract and depress tongue |
| Palatoglossus: Origin? | Origin: Lower surface of the palatal aponeuroses , interwoven with other fibers |
| Palatoglossus: Course? | Inferior |
| Palatoglossus: Insertion? | Insertion: sides of tongue |
| Palatoglossus: Function? | May pull palate down or sides of tongue up |
| Names of the Intrinsic Tongue Muscles? | Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Transverse, and Vertical |
| Superior Longitudinal: Origin? | fibrous tissue close to root of tongue; median fibrous septum |
| Superior Longitudinal: Course and insertion? | Anteriorly/Insertion: fibrous membrane at edges of tongue |
| Inferior Longitudinal: Function | Shortens tongue and/or pulls down tip |
| Superior Longitudinal: Function? | Shortens tongue, turns tip up, may also contribute to trough formation |
| Inferior Longitudinal: Origin? | Origin: root of tongue and perhaps hyoid |
| Inferior Longitudinal: Course and Insertion? | Anteriorly/blends with othe fibers from root to tip |
| Transverse: Origin and Course? | Median fibrous septum/Laterally |
| Transverse: Insertion? | Insertion: Fibrous tissue at lateral margin of tongue |
| Transverse: Function? | Narrows and elongates the tongue |
| Vertical: Origin? | Muccous membrane of tongue dorsum |
| Vertical: Course? | Vertically downward and lateral |
| Vertical: Insertion? | Insertion: Sides and inferior surface of tongue |
| Vertical: Function? | Flattens tongue |
Created by:
wyhanes
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