Vocabulary Terminology for Chapter 5 in Friendly Biology
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| Like carbohydrates and lipids, proteins consist of what 3 elements | Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
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| Unlike carbohydrates and lipids, proteins also always contain 1 other element, which is | Nitrogen, (sometimes Sulfur & other elements)
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| Proteins are built from smaller components or substances called | amino acids
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| Like Lipids, proteins consist of 2 main portions called | Common part and the R-group
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| For each amino acid, the common part is always | the same
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| For each amino acid, the R-group portion is | what varies, changes, or is different making it unique
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| The number of amino acids we know about | 50
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| The number of amino acids required by humans to live | 20
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| Of the amino acids needed for humans to live, how many are unable to be made or created and therefore can only be obtained from our diets | 8
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| The amino acids which we can only obtain through our diet or food are | Luecine, Threonine, Valine, Tryptophan, Lysine, Methionine, and Isoleucine --Memory Aid-- LTVTLMI stands for Luckily, The Vital Proteins Must be Ingested.
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| De | to remove
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| Hydrate | water
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| Dehydrate | removal of water
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| Syntheses | to make or produce
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| Dehydration Syntheses | the make through the removal of water
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| Hydro | water
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| Lysis | to cut or take apart
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| Hydrolysis | cutting or taking apart using the addition of water
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| When two amino acids are linked together what is formed is known as | A peptide (Bond is called Peptide Bond)
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| The process of linking amino acids into Peptides is known as | Dehydration Syntheses
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| When multiple amino acids are linking together what is formed is known as | a polypeptide
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| The component that is responsible for dismantling proteins or combining amino acids into proteins is | Enzymes or specifically Proteases, Peptidases
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| The process of breaking down proteins is known as | Hydrolysis
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| The primary role or purpose of proteins in living things is | provide a source of building materials for structure
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| A common protein found in egg whites and our blood, which is responsible for maintaining appropriate amount of water in our bodies is known as | Albumin
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| A protein found in our blood that is responsible for cot formation is known as | Fibrin
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| Very important group of proteins that work to fight off diseases encountered by living things are known as | immunoglobulins (immuno = immune system & globulin = protein)
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| In mammals, the first milk produced by the mother is full of immunoglobulins and is known as | colostrum
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