12genkireview
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| んです | goes after the short form of a predicate.The predicate can be either in the affirmative or in the negative, either in the present tense or in the past tense.
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| バスが来なかったんです。 | (As it happens) the bus didn't come.
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| 明日テストがあるんです。 | I have an exam tomorrow. (So I can't go out tonight.)
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| トイレに行きたいんです。 | I want to go to the bathroom. (So tell me where it is.)
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| せいせきがよくないんです。 | In response to the question "Why do you look so upset?" (As a matter of fact) My grade is not good.
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| しけんがおわったんです。 | (explaining to a person who has caught you smiling) The exam is over (that's why I am smiling)
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| しずかです | しずかなんです
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| 学生です | 学生んです
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| You can use んですin questions | to invite explications and further clarifications from the person you are talking to
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| Q: どうしてかれと別れたんですか。 A: かれ、ぜんぜんおふろにはらないんです。 | Q: Why did you break up with your boyfriend? (you've got to tell me)
A: Oh him He never takes a bath. (that's a good enough reason.)
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| Q: どうしたんですか A: ねこがしんだんです。 | What happened? ( you look shattered)
My cat died. (that should explain how I look today) question best answered with the particle が instead ofは
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| You can also use んです とてもきょうかしょですね。 ええ、私の大学の先生が書いたんです。 | to provide an additional comment on what has just been said
That's a great textbook that you are using.
You bet. The professors at my university wrote it (for your info)
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| Verb stems may be followed by the helping verb すぎる, which means too much, or to excess. | すぎる conjugates as a regular ru verb.
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| 早く起きすぎました。 食べすぎてはいけましん。 | I got up too early.
You must not eat too much.
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| すぎる can also follow い and な adjective bases (the parts which do not change in conjugations) | you drop the い and な at the end of adjectives and then add すぎる
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| この本は高すぎます。 | This book is too expensive.
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| この町はむずかすぎます。 | This town is too quiet.
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| you can use すぎる when something is beyond normal or proper. suggesting that you do not welcome it. しんせつすぎます | for example is not a straightforward compliment. Use modifiers like とても and すごく to say something is in a high degree
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