Immune System part 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Define Resistance | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 categories of defenses? | show 🗑
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| Why are innate cells also called nonspecific? | show 🗑
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| Why are Adaptive cells also called specific? | show 🗑
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| show | innate/nonspecific
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| How do you get adaptive cells? | show 🗑
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| What type of cells do innate (non specific) immunity | show 🗑
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| show | T cells B cells and Antibodies
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| show | like gigs on phone- you have 64 then you get older and it grows
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| show | accidental encounters (unintentional)
immunizations
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| 7 categories of innate/NONSPECIFIC immunity: | show 🗑
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| show | outer layer of the skin
hair
epithelial layers of internal passageways
secretions that flush away materials (sweat, mucous, urine)
secretions that kill or inhibit microorganisms (enzymes, antibodies, or stomach acid)
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| show | microphages
macrophages
dendritic cells
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| What are microphages and how do they work? | show 🗑
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| show | large phagocytic cells derived from monocytes
can be either fixed or free
begin roaming around damaged tissue
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| show | eat stuff and present antigens to T cells; best activators of adaptive immune cells
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| 3 ways activated pathogens will respond to pathogens: | show 🗑
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| fixed macrophages are also called what? | show 🗑
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| show | dermis
bone marrow
subarachnoid space of meninges
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| show | Microglia
Kupffer cells
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| where are Microglia cells found? | show 🗑
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| Who are Microglia in the brain? | show 🗑
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| What have microglia been found to be the problem in causing? | show 🗑
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| where are Kupffer cells? | show 🗑
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| show | wandering macrophages
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| What do free macrophages do? | show 🗑
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| type of special free macrophages: | show 🗑
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| show | phagocytic dust cells that monitor gas exchange surfaces for pathogens
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| show | pneumonia by being microglia of the lungs
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| show | the way all macrophages are attracted or repelled by chemicals in surrounding fluids
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| another name for emigration: | show 🗑
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| show | the way all macrophages move through capillary walls (leave the road and go up into the yard)
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| show | when phagocyte attaches to target
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| show | surrounds pathogen with vesicle
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| show | engulfs the pathogen and attaches it inside to a lysosome or peroxisome that is full of digestive chemicals
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| show | Non-specific defense
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| What are natural killer cells? | show 🗑
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| show | NK cell because it doesn't have to check before it kills something... it simply will attack it if its an antigen of some sort
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| What organelle do NKs use and how? | show 🗑
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| What part of Golgi Apparatus releases what to shoot at/kill the abnormal cell? | show 🗑
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| Perforins do what? | show 🗑
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| Granzyme does what? | show 🗑
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| Who attacks cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | NK cells
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| show | tumor specific antigens
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| show | cover up tumor specific antigens so NK cells can't find them (like what RHOGAM does with the RH antigens for the baby's positive blood to keep the mama's antibodies/anti-monkey spray from attacking)
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| show | Viruses can multiply inside cells where NK cells can't reach them; however-INFECTED CELLS PRESENT THE VIRUSES ANTIGEN ON THE CELL MEMBRANE (warning to other cells + kill me flag). This allows NK cells to I.D. them as abnormal and destroy that cell
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| show | Small proteins RELEASED BY activated lymphocytes and macrophages, and by tissue cells infected with viruses
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| Where do interferons bind and what do they do? | show 🗑
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| What are cytokines? | show 🗑
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| Analogy for cytokines: | show 🗑
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| show | cytokines
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| Under the compliment system, the plasma contains how many compliment proteins? | show 🗑
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| The compliment system is analogous to what? | show 🗑
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| What is a compliment protein? | show 🗑
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| show | Classical pathway
Alternative pathway
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| What pathway of the compliment system is faster? | show 🗑
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| Under the classical pathway, once you get enough of these proteins together, what happens? | show 🗑
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| show | pore formation and lysis, opsonization, and histamine release
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| show | properdin pathway (pro is slow)
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| show | Alternative
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| show | several complement proteins interact with the plasma
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| In the alternative pathway, which compliment proteins interact with the plasma | show 🗑
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| Under the Alternative pathway, once you get enough of these proteins together, what happens? | show 🗑
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| What happens during pore formation and lysis? | show 🗑
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| Do you need one or many C3b proteins to form a Membrane Attack Complex? | show 🗑
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| show | Dump all C proteins and Antibodies on the cell- "orange paint" on the infected cell so that macrophage can come get it (Optimizes a macs ability to ID infected cell)
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| Why is Histamine release a helpful pathway response? | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammatory response
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| show | a localized response to tissue injury
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| show | 1-Redness
2-Swelling
3-Pain
4-Heat
5-Loss of Function
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| show | Erythema
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| show | edema
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| Fancy term for pain: | show 🗑
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| show | febrile/thermo
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| show | rubor
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| show | tumor
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| show | dolor
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| show | calor
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| Latin for loss of function: | show 🗑
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| 3 effects of inflammation: | show 🗑
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| 5 steps in tissue repair: | show 🗑
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| What happens during tissue damage | show 🗑
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| Mast cell activation causes the release of what two things: | show 🗑
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| show | Neutrophil (1st responder)
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| What things happen during/as a result of Phagocyte attraction: | show 🗑
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| What happens during tissue repair? | show 🗑
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| show | Patient comes in with symptoms, and doctor/nurse writes down signs
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| If lab values 30 and 60 are inverted, what kind of infection is present? | show 🗑
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| What is Necrosis? | show 🗑
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| show | dead neutrophils + their targets
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| What is an abscess? | show 🗑
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| Things that cause fevers are called what? | show 🗑
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| show | 99 degrees F
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| During a fever, what part of the body is in charge of raising the temperature? | show 🗑
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| show | trying to raise the setpoint to make it uncomfortable for the bad stuff
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| What happens when fever goes down? | show 🗑
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| What is Tumor Necrosis Factor released by? (TNF) | show 🗑
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| What does TNF do? | show 🗑
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