endocrine/hormones
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| Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ but produces hormones in addition to its major excretory function? | Kidney
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| Select the correct statement describing the differences between hormonal and neural controls of body functioning. | Hormonal responses last longer than responses to nervous impulses.
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| The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by | TH
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| The stimulus for secreting parathyroid hormone is a good example of a | Humoral Stimulus
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| The stimulus for producing insulin is | high blood glucose
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| Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? | iodine
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| The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the | Anterior Pituitary
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| Which of the following describes a hormone that CANNOT exhibit its full effect without the presence of another hormone? | Permissiveness
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| Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland? | ADH
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| Which hormone is NOT being synthesized if a goiter forms? | TH
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| Polydipsia is excessive __________ associated with diabetes mellitus. | Thirst
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| Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones? | They have a short half life
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| Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT | Suppression of Cancer
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| Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT | Brain
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| Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is secreted by the __________ and targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex. | heart
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| Any given hormone will influence the activity of | its target cells
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| Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. | TRUE
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| When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called | Antagonism
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| Which of the following occurs within a negative feedback system? | Target organ effects inhibit further hormone release.
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| The anterior pituitary is known as the “master endocrine gland” because it controls the hypothalamus. | FALSE
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| Which of the following stimulate(s) most body cells to increase in size and divide? | GH
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| Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production? | FSH
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| As blood levels of __________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth. | OXYTOCIN
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| Which of the following is NOT one of the areas in which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role? | helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload
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| Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death? | hypoparathyroidism
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| What triggers hormone release? | Humoral factors
Tropic Hormones
Nervous System
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| How are hormones eliminated? | enzymatic degradation
removal from blood, uptake to target cells
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| blood to concentration (ECF>ICF) (400mOsm/L) | Hyperosmotic
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| watery (dilute)(150 mOsm/L) | Hypo osmotic
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| ADH pathway | stimulus: hyper osmotic state
low BV, or high plasma osmolarity
ADH released by post. pit,
Kidney
H20 reabsorption
BV to normal
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| What is the function of oxytocin? | uterine contractions, milk ejection, male ejaculatory response
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| GH pathway | stimuli: time of day, age
hypothalamus
GHRH released
ant. pituitary
GH released by ant pit
bloodstream
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| TH pathway | stimulus: cold temp, pregnancy
hypothalamus
TRH released
ant pituitary
TSH released by ant pit
Thyroid gland
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| Glucocorticoid: Cortisol pathway | stimulus: time of day, stress, cortisol
hypothalamus
CRH released
ant pituitary
ACTH released by ant pit
adrenal cortex
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| LH/FSH pathway | hypothalamus
GnRH released
ant pituitary
FSH/LH released
ovary, testes
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| Adrenal Cortex pathways | stimulus : low BV,BP, low Na+, high K+
adrenal cortex
aldosterone released
kidney
Na+reabsorbed
lowBV,BP
kidney
renin released
angiotensinogen>angiotensin 1>angiotensin2>vascoconstriction(raiseBP)
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| Hyperaldosteronism | high blood Na+, low blood K+, ^BV, BP
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| Hpoaldosteronism | low blood Na+, high blood K+, low BV,BP
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| Hypoparathyroidism | low blood calcium
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| Hyperparathyroidism | high blood calcium
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| Beta cell produce what hormone? | insulin
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| Alpha cell produces what hormone? | glucagon
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| Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 | beta cell destruction, no insulin formation, pump
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| Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 | reversible, oral medication, targets cells for insulin demonstrate insulin resistance
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| What is polyuria | increased U.O
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| What is polydipsia | really thirsty
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| What is Polyphagia | hungry (usually type 1)
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| What is Hypergycemia | high blood sugar
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| What is Glycosuria | Sugar in urine
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| What is ketonuria | ketones in urine (acidic)
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| Diabetes Insipidus is caused by | polyuria due to no ADH or no ADH receptors
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| What are the hormones released by the nervous system? | Epinephrine from adrenal medulla
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| What is a Chromaffin cell tumor? | pheochromacytoma
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| pineal gland has what hormone? | melatonin
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| Adipose tisuue has what hormone? | leptin
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| Heart has what hormone? | ANP atrial natriuretic peptide
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| Kidney has what hormone? | EPO
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