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A&P2 chap 16
endocrine/hormones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ but produces hormones in addition to its major excretory function? | Kidney |
| Select the correct statement describing the differences between hormonal and neural controls of body functioning. | Hormonal responses last longer than responses to nervous impulses. |
| The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by | TH |
| The stimulus for secreting parathyroid hormone is a good example of a | Humoral Stimulus |
| The stimulus for producing insulin is | high blood glucose |
| Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the | Anterior Pituitary |
| Which of the following describes a hormone that CANNOT exhibit its full effect without the presence of another hormone? | Permissiveness |
| Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland? | ADH |
| Which hormone is NOT being synthesized if a goiter forms? | TH |
| Polydipsia is excessive __________ associated with diabetes mellitus. | Thirst |
| Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones? | They have a short half life |
| Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT | Suppression of Cancer |
| Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT | Brain |
| Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is secreted by the __________ and targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex. | heart |
| Any given hormone will influence the activity of | its target cells |
| Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels. | TRUE |
| When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called | Antagonism |
| Which of the following occurs within a negative feedback system? | Target organ effects inhibit further hormone release. |
| The anterior pituitary is known as the “master endocrine gland” because it controls the hypothalamus. | FALSE |
| Which of the following stimulate(s) most body cells to increase in size and divide? | GH |
| Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production? | FSH |
| As blood levels of __________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth. | OXYTOCIN |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the areas in which thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role? | helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload |
| Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death? | hypoparathyroidism |
| What triggers hormone release? | Humoral factors Tropic Hormones Nervous System |
| How are hormones eliminated? | enzymatic degradation removal from blood, uptake to target cells |
| blood to concentration (ECF>ICF) (400mOsm/L) | Hyperosmotic |
| watery (dilute)(150 mOsm/L) | Hypo osmotic |
| ADH pathway | stimulus: hyper osmotic state low BV, or high plasma osmolarity ADH released by post. pit, Kidney H20 reabsorption BV to normal |
| What is the function of oxytocin? | uterine contractions, milk ejection, male ejaculatory response |
| GH pathway | stimuli: time of day, age hypothalamus GHRH released ant. pituitary GH released by ant pit bloodstream |
| TH pathway | stimulus: cold temp, pregnancy hypothalamus TRH released ant pituitary TSH released by ant pit Thyroid gland |
| Glucocorticoid: Cortisol pathway | stimulus: time of day, stress, cortisol hypothalamus CRH released ant pituitary ACTH released by ant pit adrenal cortex |
| LH/FSH pathway | hypothalamus GnRH released ant pituitary FSH/LH released ovary, testes |
| Adrenal Cortex pathways | stimulus : low BV,BP, low Na+, high K+ adrenal cortex aldosterone released kidney Na+reabsorbed lowBV,BP kidney renin released angiotensinogen>angiotensin 1>angiotensin2>vascoconstriction(raiseBP) |
| Hyperaldosteronism | high blood Na+, low blood K+, ^BV, BP |
| Hpoaldosteronism | low blood Na+, high blood K+, low BV,BP |
| Hypoparathyroidism | low blood calcium |
| Hyperparathyroidism | high blood calcium |
| Beta cell produce what hormone? | insulin |
| Alpha cell produces what hormone? | glucagon |
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 | beta cell destruction, no insulin formation, pump |
| Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 | reversible, oral medication, targets cells for insulin demonstrate insulin resistance |
| What is polyuria | increased U.O |
| What is polydipsia | really thirsty |
| What is Polyphagia | hungry (usually type 1) |
| What is Hypergycemia | high blood sugar |
| What is Glycosuria | Sugar in urine |
| What is ketonuria | ketones in urine (acidic) |
| Diabetes Insipidus is caused by | polyuria due to no ADH or no ADH receptors |
| What are the hormones released by the nervous system? | Epinephrine from adrenal medulla |
| What is a Chromaffin cell tumor? | pheochromacytoma |
| pineal gland has what hormone? | melatonin |
| Adipose tisuue has what hormone? | leptin |
| Heart has what hormone? | ANP atrial natriuretic peptide |
| Kidney has what hormone? | EPO |
Created by:
cdixon10
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