The Gilded Age
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| Gilded Age | Era following the Civil War & Reconstruction
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| R.O.S.E. industries | Railroad, Oil, Steel, Electricity
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| Thomas Edison | Inventor of the light bulb
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| Monopoly | Complete control over an industry
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| Trust | The boards that ran companies
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| John Rockefeller | Head of Standard Oil Company
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| Standard Oil | produced 90% Oil
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| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who became a giant in the steel industry
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| Carnegie Steel | produced more than all steel companies in Great Britan
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| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Dominated railroad industry
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| Horizontal integration | Process in which companies producing similar products merge
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| Vertical integration | Process in which a company buys out its supplier
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| "Gospel of Wealth" | The idea that God made some men wealthy to take care of the rest
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| urbanization | The growth of cities
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| Ellis Island | Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the East Coast
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| "New Immigrants" | Eastern European immigrants that came to the U.S.
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| Nativism | Overt favoritism toward native-born Americans
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| Tenements | Multifamily urban dwellings
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| Chinese Exclusion Act | Act that limited Chinese immigration
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| political machines | A group that controlled a political party
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| Boss Tweed | Head of New York City's powerful Democratic political machine
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| Tammany Hall | New York's political machine
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| Credit Mobilier Scandal | involved bribes by railroad companies to gain lands grants
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| Knights of Labor | First labor union
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| Samuel Gompers | Union Leader
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| American Federation of Labor | Founded by Samuel Gompers, most successful union.
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| Homestead Strike | Violence erupted at Carnegie's steel plant, Federal troops were called to re-open the factory with replacement workers unionists demanded an 8-hr day
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| Haymarket Strike | When violence broke out, public opinion turned against unions, viewing them as violent and "un-American"
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| Pullman Strike | Railroad workers led a national strike when the Pullman Palace Company cut wages by 50%...President Cleveland sent the army to end the strike, Strikers in 27 states resisted & dozens died
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| Homestead Act | Act that offered free land to western settlers
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| Open Range | The open land that cowboys drove cattle over to railroads
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| Transcontinental Railroad | a railroad that crosses the entire country
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| Assimilation Policy | Name of a plan to make Native Americans part of white culture
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| Sitting Bull | Leader of Hunkpapa Siuox
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| Little Big Horn | Site of Custer's Last Stand
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| George Custer | Colonel in U.S. Calvary
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| Wounded Knee | U.S. massacre of Sioux in South Dakota
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| Populism | Political movement that sought advancement for farmers and laborers
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| Bimetalism ("Free Silver") | backing money with silver and gold
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| William Jennings Bryan | Populist/Democratic presidential nominee
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